—º‘³ Ø×Ì›è:

À‘ת¥´±ò °€ÒµÑ „þÌ‘¨. ºÌ¿ºãÚ: 8170 œ.Ž.Â.; À™è —°‘€ 23,22,851;
‡à´°êÚ: 14,81,984.

…è㑪 ¶ì×è: µÌ‘ª-6, „þÌ‘¨, þ‘»¢—œª¦ º‘€ãÆÅ, œ´±ÆÀ›ÒÅ, ±Ì‘½ÌÅ, º×‘ï,º×‘Ñ.

†Ì‘ª ŠòêÆ›è 20; þºÐÌ‘ª-61 †Ì‘ª-340.

œª¥œ€º —°‘±è: 11 - —×èã™þ‘ØÖ, ‘›þÆÅ, —À‘¥™ê¢, —ºÏ¹³€é, „þÌ‘¨, º×‘ï, ¹±ÊÑ, þ‘»¢—œª¦¿º‘€ãÆÅ, º×‘Ñ, œ´±ÆÀ›ÒÅ, °‘Ì‘½ÌÅ.

º‘Ì‘æÀòé —°‘±: -1 þ‘»—œª¦¿ º‘€ãÆÅ

‚ìè: ‘ØÍ, —µ‘ËÆÖ, º×‘ï, …¿º‘ì.
€«™ª¨è: º×‘ï œ‘Ñ, ×骨¿ºèãÅ, —‘¦þ×Í, ŠÌ´³¿ºèãÅ, …¿º‘ì, ‘䛍̑ò €«.

À€ÝÆãÚ: œÌ‘œÍ 716 Ž.Â.

ÀÏ´³× À€îè: ÌŸ ÀÏ´³×À€î-9, ‘Öµ€¥ ÀÏ´³×À€î-97 ‘×Ö ¶€ÒÆ›è-42

ÖØ: ºèäè: —°‘¥™ ¶€Ò-1,455; µ¨¶€Ò-185; …ÆѶ€Ò-77; þÀ¶€Ò-52; ÖՖ͍è - 8; —°‘ÞíÖØ ¶ì×è-9, —°‘ÞíºÇí ¶ì×è-1.

ƒÆ퀍 ×㛍è

À€Ò×ãÅ:

„þÌ‘¨ À‘ת¥´±Ö …èã À€Òè: °‘ãב¦ À€Ò, ±ÅºÀ€Ò, °ÖÒ À€Ò, °×ãŽÍ À€Ò, º×ã À€Ò, ºòî‘Í À€Ò, —ºÏÀ‘è À€Ò, ºÏב¢ À€Ò, ¾î‘ª À€Ò, ¹±ÊÑ À€Ò,
ת¥À€Ò, —œòïÀ€Ò,À€Ò¿º‘€ãÆÅÀò À€Ò, ‡àÀ‘´³–Ñ À€Ò, ‡ª¦À€Ò, ÏèÀ€Ò, ×ŽÍ À€Ò, é¢œÕ–Ñ À€Ò, Ìœòî‘ À€Ò, ±¯¥Ö À€Ò, ØœÆŽÍ À€Ò, †Ì‘ª
þ‘ª€¥ À€Ò ‚ŽÆ€×Æ‘Å.

ƒÅÀ‘ת¥´±ò ×¥™¿ º± Ñµ‘¥ ¼¥¾ÁÇò —°‘¥Ñ¢Æ‘Éèã³. ƒ› 900 Â. Ã°Ö 1700 Â. …ÆÌÅ …èã À€Òè ‘«¿º¨Žòéî. ƒ› ×̪¨¿ºèãÅ, ×à™¿ º‘€é¿ ºèãÅ, —°òבͿ ºèãÅ, þ‘€Ì¿ ºèãÅ þº‘òé ºÒ ºèã›è ˆíºª¨èãî.

‘ª¨×ãÅ:

ƒÅÀ‘ת¥´±Ö ‘¨è ¶€é¹³ ‘«¿º¨Žòéî. ‘ª¦ò —À‘´°¿ ºÌ¿ºãÚ 2,42,953.28 —ù™þ¥Ñã‘Å. °Áⵑª¦Õèã ×î™ þ‘ª¥›äÖ „þÌ‘¨ À‘ת¥ ×î™ þ‘ª¥þÀ Á¿ —ºÍƳ. ƒ×í€é 4 ‚ »Í´³èãîÑ. €×: œ´±ÆÀ›ÒÅ œÌÅ, °ÖÒ À€Ò œÌÅ, ºÑ˜Ñ œÌÅ, ¹±ÊÑ œÌÅ ‚ŽÆ€×Æ‘Å. °Áݍ´±ò —À‘´° œ¹°î´±Ö ÄòêÖ ŠÏ º± „þÌ‘¨À‘ת¥´±ÓϹ³ Ž€¥™Žé³. œ´±ÆÀ›Ò´±Ö °Áⵑ¨ Ìò œ¹°î ÀÌ™Ž¥› Šòì …èã³. þÀª©Ñ œ¹°î ‡¯—«Ë´ —°‘Þ휑€Ò™ ƒ›ŽÏ¹þ° ÀÌ›è —œÖŽòéî. ¹±ÊÑ, ºÑ˜Ñ À€Ò¿ º±äÖ þ°™ ÀÌ›æÅ, œ´±ÆÀ›ÒÅ, þ‘»¢—œª¦¿º‘€ãÆÅ, ¹±ÊÑ¿ º±äÖ Ä›ŽÖ ÀÌÃÅ ±À‘ ×ãÑŽòéî. ƒ€× ‘Ž°´ —°‘Þ휑€Ò™ —‘¯¨ —œÖÒ¿º¨Žòéî. ƒÅÀ‘ת¥´±Õè㠍‘¨äÖ þ×›€, Ï›‘Ó. „ª¦, Àϳ þº‘òé ºÖþ×ì ÀÌ›æÅ ‘«¿º¨Žòéî.

ØÒ›è:

º×‘ï œ‘Ñ, —°› ÀÌ‘¥‘, þÀ‘Æ‘ì, ºòî‘Í ù‘œñ–Ñ ‘ª¨¿ º±äÖ Æ‘€îè ±À‘ בâŽòéî. ƒ¿º±ÇÖ ‚ÇÌ´±íÅ þÀíºª¥ Æ‘€îè ƒÏ¿º°‘
˜ìŽòéîÑ. °ÖÒÀ€Ò¿ º±äÖ ½Óè ם™Žòéî. ƒ¿º±ÇÖ ‘ª¨ ‡Ï€À, ÃèãÅ ºòê, À‘òè ±À‘ …èãî.

‘¨º¨ —º‘Ïèè:

›ŽÓÆÅ, Àª¦¿º‘Ö, €™‘Ë, þ°ò —‘ź̙, ºª€¥ ×€æÅ, ¨™‘Ë, ½›Å Ø€° ‚בÌźª€¥ —‘ò€î¿ ºª€¥ ‚ŽÆ€×ÉÅ, ‡Ï€À, À‘ò —‘ŽæÅ, Æ‘€î´ °¹°›æÅ þœÍ™¿º¨Žòéî.

ï×ãÅ:

ƒÏŽ - âº×‘ï €«, —°‘¿ºÅº‘€ãÆÅ, Í—‘ª¥‘Å º‘€ãÆÅ, º›ã‘½´³–Ñ º±Çò ×¥™ À€Ò¿º±ÇÖ Ž€¥™Žé³.

°›Å - þ‘»¢—œª¦¿º‘€ãÆÅ, ‡™‘´³–Ñ, †±ÊÑ, ‡àÀ‘´³–Ñ.

€À™‘ - €×ÌÀ›ÒÅ, ê¢, ½äÆźª¦, ˆÌ¿º µ‘Æ™ò º‘€ãÆÅ.

Ï›íè - º×‘ï º‘ÒÀ€Ò¿ º±. ƒ€× 󿺑ñ™ ˆíìÀ± —œËÆ¿º¨Žòéî.

‚ø—ºø¥‘ø - —ºÏ¹³€é, ºÑ˜Ñ.

󒿜Š- °‘Ì‘½ÌÅ.

º¦ÊÍÖ —ºÍÖø ‡òñÅ ¥Ö¶é €×Ì™íæÅ, ×òÀ€Ò, œÒ›Ž¿ º‘€ãÆÅ, òî °‘Ì‘½ÌÅ º±ÇÖ …ÆÑ°Ì™ íè Ž€¥™Žòéî. ×‘Ѫø ‡î¿º¨Å —×è€ã™ ÖÕÅ,
—ºÖøºÑ ‡òé ×¿½™ ÖÕÅ ƒÅÀ‘ת¥´±Ö Ž€¥™Žé³.

Øל‘ÆÅ:

—À‘´° Øל‘Æ ºÌ¿½ 9 ƒÒªœÅ ˆ™Ñ; ÙŽÆ ؀㠗º‘Ϫè: —µÖ, ¶Ò™¥€Ò, À¤œè, ÏŽ, þœ‘ãÅ, ºÏ´±, ½€Ç€Ò, ‡è. Øל‘Æ´ —°‘ÞÒ‘ãэè: 10,78,256 þºÑè. À¤œè œ¹€° °Áݍ´±þÒþÆ „þÌ‘ª¦Ö°‘ò µ€¥—ºìŽé³.

„þÌ‘¨ À‘ת¥ œ¹€°æÅ, ˜¨Å µ‘ªæÅ:
—À‘¥¢¡Ñ - œï™ŽÝ€À
µÅ»ÊÑ - £‘Çì
¹±ÊÑ - ±›è
œ´± - —œÜבË
ì×Õ–Ñ - —œÜבË
Ú¹°Åº‘¦ - ½°ò
½¤€œ¿½äÆźª¦ - ØÆ‘Ýò
ÏÀ¹³–Ñ - —×èä

׬ ×ãÑ¢

—°‘Þ֍è:

—ºÏ¹—°‘ÞÖ ¶ì×è - 2; ì —°‘Þ휑€Òè 7,249. ÀíìÅ 1301 ¦€œ´ —°‘Þ֍è
µ€¥—ºìŽòéî.

€´°ê:

—µœÚ´ —°‘ÞÖ —ºÏ¹³€é, °‘Ì‘½ÌÅ, „þÌ‘¨, º×‘ï ‚ŽÆ ƒ¥›äÖ µ¥™Žé³. ¹±ÊÍÖ Àª¨Å 3000 Ø€œ´°êè …èãî. ƒ×íêÖ 5000 þºÑ º¬Æ‘íìŽòéîÑ. ƒ› €¥Ç› þº™¥Íè ±À‘ …èãî. —œòïÀ€Ò, º×‘ï ‚ŽÆ ƒ¥›äÖ óٍ‘ãÅ, þº‘р׍è, º¨™€ ØÍ¿½æ™ ½â—ºíé³. þ‘»¢—œª¦¿ º‘€ãÆÅ, °‘ãב¦,
œ´±ÆÀ›Ò´±Ö ºª¨ …íº´± —œËÆ¿º¨Žé³.

„þÌ‘¨:

ƒ› þ×㑯€À™ Ï؍è, ƒÆ¹±Ì›è °Æ‘Í™Å —°‘ÞÖ, °Áⵑ¨ ì—°‘ÞÖ ³€éÇîÌ‘Ö µ¥´°¿º¨Žé³. ƒ€× °ØÌ ‡¯—«Ë, þ°‘Ö, ºÏ´± ‚€Ò´ —°‘ÞÖ é¿º‘ µ€¥ —ºìŽé³. ƒ°ò ÏŽÖ ꀥ€Æ —ºã¥Ì‘™Ž þº™Ž› —œËÉÅ —°‘ÞÖ ˆíìÀ±ÇÖ —ºÏÅ ×ãÑ¢€Æ™ ¯¨èã³. º‘´±Ì´ —°‘ÞÕÅ µ¥¹³ ×ÏŽé³. „þÌ‘¨ ³¬ À‘Ñ™—ª
ƒ¹±Æ ãØÖ 5‚Å ƒ¥Å —ºìŽé³. À‘¶Ò´±Ö Ý¹€°è ƒé¿½ Ù°Å €éÚ. ì þœÁ¿½ ±ª¥´±Ö 33.65 þ‘¦ к‘ÇÖ ƒÅÀ™è ðԨ —œË³èãîÑ.

œÑ™€Ì:

œ´±µÑ, ´þ°‘¨, —ºÏ¹³€é, Ú¹°º‘¦ ðÓÆ ƒ¥›äÖ …íº´± —œËÆ¿º¨Žé³.

ÀÌÅ ì¿½:

œ´±ÆÀ›ÒÅ, þ‘»¢—œª¦¿º‘€ãÆ´±Ö ÀÌÅ ì™Å —°‘ÞÖ é¿º‘ µ€¥—ºíì ×ÏŽé³.

Âò»¦¿½:

„þÌ‘¨ À‘ת¥´±Ö µòðÑ Âò»¦¿þº µ¥¹³ ×ÏŽé³. ‘ØÍ, º×‘ï, —µ‘ËÆÖ, À̑ױ ‚ŽÆ ‚ìäÖ ± ãØÖ Âòè »¦™¿º¨Žòéî. °‘Ò™ã´±Ö Âò ¤Ÿè
Ø퍿º¨Žòéî. º×‘Ñ €«ÇÕÅ, …¿º‘ì €«ÇÕÅ Âò»¦¿½ é¿º‘ µ€¥—ºìŽé³. ƒ› »¦™¿º¨Å Âñ™ 'º×‘¯€¥' ‡òþé —ºÆÑ …èã³. ˆÍ Âò»¦¿»Ö ‹¥´³€é ˆÍ, °€Ò™ãÅ ˆÍÇÖ Âò»¦¿½ µ¥™Žé³. ƒ› ƒé‘Ö Âò º™×¿º¨´°¿ºª¨ —×䵑¨æ™ ñ¿º¿ º¨Žé³. —œÅº¥× º‘€ãÆ´±Ö €Çî‘Ö Âò×€Ò »òñÅ ¶€ÒÆÅ Šòì …èã³.

‡¯—«Ë:
‡¯—«Ë œ¹€°€Æ¿ —º‘ì´° ãØÖ þÌã‘ØÖ …èã —‘¢™ ¨´° º¦Æ‘, ƒ›è㠍‘›þÆÅ °‘ò —ºÍÆ œ¹€°Æ‘ ±âŽé³.

‘Öµ€¥ ×ãÑ¿½:

„þÌ‘ª¨ À‘ת¥´±Ö º‘ÌźÍÆÀ‘þ× ‘Öµ€¥ ×ãÑ¿½ é¹° ÀéÇÖ µ¥¹³ ×ÏŽé³. °Áݍ À‘¨ ×€ÇÖ '‘›þÆÅ' …ҍ¿ ½â—ºíé³. ƒ³ þº‘Òþ× ºÑ˜Ñ ƒî™ ‘€ãæÅ
°íþº‘³ ±À‘ ×ãÑ™¿º¨Žòéî. °‘ãב¦, ºÑ˜Ñ, ¹±ÊÑ º±äÖ ìÅ€º ‚¨è ×ãÑ™¿º¨Žòéî. —œÅÀêÆ‘¨æÅ, —×è㑨æÅ ºÌ×Ò‘ ×ãÑ™¿ºª¨ ×ÏŽòéî.

¯«½Ì´±Ö —ºÍÆ À‘ª¨¢ œ¹€°ÉÅ; ¹±ÊÍÖ ±€Ì¢ œ¹€°ÉÅ ‚¯¨þ°‘ìÅ ˜¨Žòéî.

×Þº‘ª¦¥›è:

º¯«‘Í À‘ÍÆÅÀò þ‘ØÖ, º×‘ï œ›þÀø×ÌÑ þ‘ØÖ, —œòïÀ€Ò Ãύò þ‘ØÖ, —‘¨Ã¦ Ù̵‘Ì‘Æ«¿ —ºÏÀ‘è þ‘ØÖ, º‘ÍÊÑ ÅÀò þ‘ØÖ, ×òÀ€Ò, „þÌ‘¨ —ºÍÆ
À‘ÍÆÅÀò þ‘ØÖ, ±¯¥ÖÀ€Ò Ãύò þ‘ØÖ Ã°ÓÆî.

ØÝ‘™è:

„þÌ‘¨ À‘ÍÆÅÀò º¯¦€, º¯«‘Í À‘ÍÆÅÀò º¯¦€, ¹±ÊÑ Ïµ‘°œ‘Á þ°Ñ´±ÏØÝ‘, —œòïÀ€Ò €°¾œ´ ±ÏØÝ‘, ×òÀ€Ò þ°þÌ‘ª¥Å, º×‘ï ˜¨³€é ‚¦¿ —ºÏ™.

ŸíìÒ‘´°Ò›è:

º×‘ï œ‘Ñ €«™ª¨, ˜¨³€é, —‘¦þ×Í €«™ª¨, °‘ãב¦ À€Ò. ×ÌÒ‘íì ŸíìÒ‘ °Ò›è: Ì¢œÕ–Ñ - Ö—ת¨è; —ºÏ¹³€é- ØóÆÀ›ÒÅ; —‘¨À«Ö
½€°—º‘Ïè ‚ËÚ ƒ¥Å.

º¯«‘ÍÆÅÀò þ‘ØÖ:

„þÌ‘¨ À‘ת¥´±Ö œ´±ÆÀ›ÒŠת¥´±Ö …èã³ º¯«‘ÍÆÅÀò þ‘ØÖ. œ´±ÆÀ›Ò´±ÓϹ³ €À¡Ñ —œÖÕÅ œ‘€ÒÇÖ 12 Ž.Â. —°‘€ÒØÖ €À¹³èã³. ƒ™þ‘ØÓò —°íþ ŸÀ‘Ñ 6 €ÀÖ —°‘€ÒØÖ º×‘ï ‚ì þÀíŽÓϹ³ ŽÝ™ þµ‘™Ž ‹¨Žé³. ƒ¹° ‚íêÖ°‘ò º×‘Ñ €« ª¥¿ºª¨èã³. ƒ³ Á¢é¹° ŸíìÒ‘ °ÒÀ‘Å. —‘´° À›ÒÅ ×ÞÆ‘ º¯«‘Í —œÖÒÒ‘Å. ×ÞÇÖ ¸«À´±, þ°‘Ì«¿ ºèãÅ ‡òé ƒÌ¯¨ ºèã›è …èãî. ƒ×íêÖ °¯­Ñ ¶€é¹±Ï™Å. º¯«‘ÍÆÅÀò ±Ï™þ‘ØÖ ÝŽÆ þ‘½Ì´³¥ñÅ, Ñ´°À¯¥ºÅ, À‘ À¯¥ºÅ, þœ‘ºî
À¯¥ºÅ ðÓÆ×íì¥ò ³–¯äÖ í½°À‘î íº þ×€Ò¿º‘ª¨¥ò ‘«¿º¨Žé³. ×î´±ò þÀíþ ŸÀ‘Ñ 3 €ÀÖ —°‘€ÒØÖ ‹Ñ ‚ÒÀÌ´±î¦ÇÖ À‘þ°ŸÌœ‘Á™ þ‘ØÕÅ,
²Ñ´°™ Ž«ìÅ …èãî. ƒ› ‚¯¨ þ°‘ìÅ º›ï À‘°´±Ö —ºÍÆ ±ÏØÝ‘ µ€¥—ºìŽé³.

º×‘ï Ù˜¥Ö:

‘ØÍÉÅ, º×‘ïÉÅ Ò™Å ƒ¥´±í °ª« »ÌÆ‘€ (—°ò¨ »ÌÆ‘€) ‡òì —ºÆÑ. ×¥µ‘ª¦Ö, ›€ÉÅ ÆÀîÉÅ »ÌÆ‘€ ‡òé ƒ¥´±Ö ˜¨Åþº‘³ œÌø×± ¦ÇÖ ×¹³ Ò¿º³ þº‘Ò, ƒ› Ã°µ± ¦ÇÖ ×¹³ Ò¿º°‘ ‰²Å. ƒÌ¯¨ µ±æÅ ˜¨Å ƒ¥´±Ö œ›þÀŸ×ÌÑ ±Ï™þ‘ØÖ €À¹³èã³. ƒÜÛÑ „þÌ‘ª¦ÓϹ³ 12 Ž.Â. ³–Ì´±Ö ƒÏ™Žé³. þ°×‘Ì ‘Ò´±Ö ƒÜÛ€Ì ±Ïµ«‘ ‡òì
€Ý™¿ºª¦Ï¿º€° œÅº¹°Ñ þ°×‘Ì´°‘Ö êÆÒ‘Å.
ƒ™þ‘ØÕ™ ƒÌ¯¨ בÇ֍è. ×¥™ þµ‘™ŽÆ ÙŽÆ בÇÖ ×ÞÆ‘ …èþã —œòé‘Ö êÆ »è€ãÆ‘Ñ þ‘ÇÖ …èã³. ŽÝ™ בÇÕ™ ‡±þÌ°‘ò —‘¦ÀÌÅ, ºÓ¼¥Å,
Øã™þíìÅ í³–¯ ‚ŽÆ€×—ÆÖÒ‘Å …èãî. ŽÝ™ בÇÖ ×ÞÆ‘ ˜¨³€é™¢ —œÖÒÒ‘Å. ÿÌ‘¨×°í ל±Æ‘ º¦´³€éè €À¹³èãî. ˜¨³€éÇþÒ ŠÏ ²Ñ´°™
ª¥Å …èã³. ƒ°€î '‘Æ´±ÍÀ¨' ‡òìÅ ˜ìŽòéîÑ. ƒ°ò €ÌÇÖ ‘Æ´±Í Ó›Å, Ã°Ó›Å ‡òì ƒÏ™Žòéî. ±Ï™þ‘Ø€Ò¢ Ÿíê ¹µ‘äÖ þ‘ª€¥ ƒÏ¹±Ï™Žé³.
°íþº‘³ ƒ¦¹° €°¹° Ò º±€ã™ ‘«Ò‘Å. ƒ™þ‘ØÖ °íþº‘³ ½±Æ ±Ï¿º¬€Æ™ ¯¨èã³. ƒ› À‘À¯¥ºÅ, ƒ¿º±€ã ‚¯¥ ƒÅÀ¦ —ª¦ ðÓÆ‘Ñ ‡òº×Ñ ‘Ò´±Ö ª¥¿ºª¥³. ƒ›èã ƒÏ —º¯äò íºÅ º‘Ñ™´°™³.
ƒ™þ‘ØÕèþã —ºÏÀ‘晐ŠŠÏ œ¹¶± …¯¨.

—œòïÀ€Ò™ þ‘ØÖ:

—œòïÀ€Ò™ þº‘×°í „þÌ‘ª¦ÓϹ³ þºÏ¹³ ל±è …èãî. —œòïÀ€ÒÇò ¦×‘Ì´±Ö †Ñ …èã³. †Íò —ºÆÏÅ —œòïÀ€Ò°‘ò. —œòïÀ€Ò ¨™¨™‘
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