°€ÒµÑ : ÐÑ.

×Ï×‘Ë ¶ÑבÅ :
þ‘ª¥›è-2 (ÐÑ, ä´°€Ò); ת¥›è-4 (ÐÑ, Ì×™ê¢, ä´°€Ò, ŽÏö«Ì‘ƽÌÅ).

…è㑪 ¶ì×è :
†Ì‘ª ŠòêÆÅ-8 (ÐÑ, °‘¹þ°‘ï, þ.ºÌÀ´±, Ì×™ê¢, ä´°€Ò, þ°‘€À€Ò, ŽÏö«Ì‘ƽÌÅ, ¥Õ–Ñ).

×ÌÒ‘ì :
ÐÑ À‘ת¥Å ºÒ‘ÒÅ ±Ï¢ À‘ת¥´³¥ò ƒ€«¹±Ï¹° ‘Ì«´°‘ֱϢ À‘ת¥´±ò ×ÌÒ‘ì ÐÑ À‘ת¥´±íÅ —º‘Ϲ³Å. (‘¯ : ±Ï¢ À‘ת¥Å) ¶Ò ¦¿º€¥ÇÖ °Áݍ´±ò €ÀÆÀ‘ Ø㛐Š±Ï¢ À‘ת¥Å 1995, —œ¿¥ÅºÑ 30 ‚Å þ°± ±Ï¢, ÐÑ, —ºÌÅºÕ–Ñ ‡î Äòì À‘ת¥›ã‘¿ »Í™¿ºª¨, ÐÑ À‘ת¥Å …Ïב™¿ºª¥³.

‡Ö€Òè :
×¥™ŽÖ µ‘À™Ö, —ºÌÅºÕ–Ñ À‘ת¥›€ãÉÅ, ŽÝ™ŽÖ —ºÌźՖÑ,±Ï¢ À‘ת¥›€ãÉÅ, —°íŽÖ ±Ï¢, ±¯¨™Ö À‘ת¥›€ãÉÅ, þÀíŽÖ „þÌ‘¨ À‘ת¥´€°ÉÅ ÐÑ À‘ת¥Å ‡Ö€Òã‘™ —‘¯¨èã³.

×Þº‘ª¨´ °Ò›è :

¥Åº×°Ñ þ‘ÇÖ :
±Ï¢™ þÀíþ 31 Ž. —°‘€ÒØÕÅ, ä´°€Ò ƒÌÇÖ ¶€ÒÆ´±í ×¥þÀíþ 1 1/2 Ž. —°‘€ÒØÕÅ …è㠱ύ¥Åº¹³€éÇÖ ƒ™þ‘ÇÖ …èã³. ƒ€é×ò-¥Åº×°Ñ. ƒ€éØ-ÃíêÒ‘ ÀÒÆÅ€À. ²Ñ´°Å-‘ØÍ. °ÒØϪœÅ - ¥ÅºÀÌÅ. ƒ³ ¿ºÑ º±Å º‘¦Æ °ÒÀ‘Å. ¯®× Ãï×Ï™Å þ°×э晐Š×—ºÏÀ‘ò ¥Åº ÀÌ´±ò ¦ÇÖ ¶òì ‘ª —‘¨´° †Ñ.

ƒÌ´±îŽÍµ‘°Ñ þ‘ØÖ :
ƒÌ´±îŽÍ ‡òìÅ, ±Ïבªþº‘™Ž ‡òìÅ ×Ý›¿º¨Å ƒÜÛÑ ä´°€Ò ƒÌÇÖ ¶€ÒÆ´±í´ —°íþ À«¿º‘€é™¢ —œÖÕÅ ×ÞÇÖ 11 Ž. —°‘€ÒØÖ …èã³. ƒ°í Ì°î‘œÒÅ, ×‘ÆÅ ‡òé —ºÆэæÅ …¯¨. ƒ³ ¿ºÑ º±Å º‘¦Æ °ÒÀ‘Å. þ‘ÇÖ …Æѹ° À€Ò þÀÖ ƒÏ™Žé³. ˆì×°í ˆé´°‘Ý ‚ÇÌÅ º¦è …èãî. ƒ€é×Ñ ƒÌ´±îŽÍ µ‘°Ï™ æ´°àÅºÑ ‡òé —ºÆÏÅ …¯¨. ºòï̯¨ ‚¯¨™—‘Ï Ã€é 'ƒ¦¾€œ' µ€¥—ºìŽé³. ƒÜÛÍÖ ´±Æ Ãï×Ñ µ¯ºÖ ×Þº‘¨ —œË°±î‘Ö, ƒòìÅ µ¯ºÖ ×Þº‘þ¥ é¿½é µ€¥—ºìŽé³. ƒ°î‘Ö ƒ€é×€î À´±Æ‘î Ÿ¹°ÌÑ ‡òé —ºÆÌ‘ÕÅ €Ý¿ºÑ. °ÒØϪœÅ þ׿ºÀÌÅ. ƒ€¥Æò —‘¯¨ ×¹° º‘€Ò™ ‘Å Øâ´°³. °î‘Ö ³ ‡Íɯ¥³. °î‘Ö ƒÅÀ€Ò€Æ™ ‘Å ®‘° À€Ò ‡òºÑ. ±›ªŽÝ€À, ‘Ñ´±€, €°¿¾œÅ µ‘ªäÖ À™è Á±Æ‘ ƒ™þ‘ÇÕ™ ×ÏŽòéîÑ.

À̍°‘œÒÑ þ‘ØÖ :
±Ï¢™ þÀíŽÕè㠐䴰€Ò ƒÌÇÖ ¶€ÒÆ´±ÓϹ³ ×¥þÀíþ 1 1/2 Ž. —°‘€ÒØÖ ƒÏ™Å ±Ï™Åº¹³€é €¥¹³, ‘Ø̀ƙ ¥¹³
—œòé‘Ö À썀ÌÇÖ ±ÏÓ›µ‘° À€Ò€Æ™ ‘«Ò‘Å. ƒÅÀ€ÒÇÖ þ‘ÇÖ …èã³. þ‘Ç€Ò €¥Æ ŸÀ‘Ñ 500 º¦ª¨è …èãî. ƒ³ œÅº¹°Ì‘Ö º‘¥Ö —ºíé³. ŠþÌ µ‘äÖ ‘€ÒÇÖ ¥ÅºÑ þ‘Ç€ÒÉÅ, µ¯ºÓÖ ƒÌ´±îŽÍ€ÆÉÅ, À‘€ÒÇÖ À̍°‘œ‘Ò€ÌÉÅ ¯¨ ×Þº¥Ö é¿º‘ €¥»¦™¿º¨Žé³. ê¿º‘ ‘Ñ´±€ À‘°´ ±›ªŽÝ€ÀäÖ ƒÜØ°Å ×Þº¨Žé‘эè. „ ¾´°î‘Ö ±ÏÓ›µ‘° À€Ò™ „›þ‘Ë À€Ò ‡òé —ºÆÏÅ …¯¨.

±Ï—פœÀ‘™˜¥Ö :
ƒ³ ÐÑ ƒÌÇÖ ¶€ÒÆ´±í´ —°òŽÝ™ŽÖ …èã³. ƒ€é×ò-ØŽÑ° µ‘þ°Ÿ×ÌÑ, ƒ€éØ-ØŽÑ°µ‘ÆŽ. Ÿ¹°ÌÑ º±Å º‘¦Æ °ÒÅ. —פœò ‡òñÅ þ×¥ Àòîò ×Þºª¥ °ÒÅ. ±Ï™þ‘ÇÖ ê³ ºèã´±Ö ‘«¿º¨Žé³.

ÙŽÆ †Ñè :

ÐÑ :
ƒÜÛÑ µÌ‘ªÆ‘ÚÅ, †Ì‘ª ŠòêÆ´ °€Ò€ÀÇ¥À‘ÚÅ À‘ת¥´ °€ÒµÌ‘ÚÅ Ø㛐Žé³. À̑ױ µ±™ €ÌÇÖ €À¹° ƒÜÛÑ €´°ê —µœÚ™¿ ½â—ºíì Ø㛐Žé³. œ‘ÆÅ þ°‘Ë´°ÕÅ, ¢œ¦´°ÕÅ ƒ› ±À‘ µ€¥ —ºìŽòéî. ‘Öµ€¥ ×ãÅ Á±Æ‘Éèã°‘Ö º‘Ö, —ׯ—«Ë,
°ÇÑ Ã°ÓÆî ºÒ †Ñæ™Å ƒ›ŽÏ¹³ ñ¿º¿º¨Žòéî. ÐÑ €×øÆ‘ ×›ŽÇò °€Ò€À Õ×ҍŠƒ›èã³. é¹° ׬´ °ÒÀ‘ Ø㛐װ‘Ö, ÌŸ Õ×ҍ›æÅ, ×›Žè ºÒÚÅ ¶€é¹³èãî. ÃøÔÅè ±À‘ בâŽòéîÑ. Å½, þœ‘ãŠðÓÆî Á±Æ‘ Ø€ãŽòéî. ‡è, ºÏ´±, ½€Ç€Ò ‚ŽÆîÚÅ ºÇÌ‘Žòéî.

Ì×™ ê¢ :
ƒÜÛÑ ÐÏ™´ —°ò þÀíŽÖ 18 €ÀÖ —°‘€ÒØÖ …èã³. ƒ› €À¡Ñ ÌœÌ‘Ö ª¥¿ºª¥ þ‘ª€¥ ƒ¦º‘¨¥ò ‘«¿º¨Žé³. €´°ê —µœÚ é¿½´ —°‘ÞÒ‘ µ€¥—ºìŽé³. ºÒ º±æ™Å €´°ê´ ³¬ ˆíìÀ±Æ‘Žé³. œ‘ÆÅ þ°‘Ë´°ÕÅ ºÌ×Ò‘ µ€¥—ºíì ×ÏŽé³.

òî´°‘Ì‘½ÌÅ :
ÐÏ™´ —°ò þÀíŽÖ …è㠝íì–Ñ. Ö °¢Ÿ þ×€Ò™¿ —ºÆÑ —ºíé†Ì‘ Ø㛐Žé³.

°¯­Ñ¿ºèä :
ä´°€Ò™ ÏŽÖ …èã °¯­Ñ¿ºèä ŽÌ‘À´±Ö œ‘¹± ×îÅ ‡òñÅ ƒ¥Å …èã³. ƒ³ ƒ¹±Æ ´þ°‘Ó™ Žêø³× œ›´±îÌ‘Ö µ¥´°¿º¨Žé³. ‚ø±þÌÓÆ‘€×¢ œ‘ѹ° Ÿ×‘Á Ïã‘î¹°‘ ƒ°ñ€¥Æ €À¿º‘ãÑ. ƒ¹° ‚ÌÀ´±Ö ƒ¹³ ÀéÇÒ‘î Žê´³× ¾€œè þÀ헍‘è㿺¨Žòéî.

—µÐÑ :
ÐÏ™ ‰¹³ €ÀÖ ŽÝ™ŽÖ …èã³. ½Ì‘°î ×ò þ‘ÇÖ ŠòìÅ, Øö® þ‘ÇÖ ŠòìÅ …èãî. ´°Ì‘î œ°‘× »ÌÅÀÅ ×эäò œÀ‘± ƒÜÛÑ¢ ×‘ÒÆ´±Ö ‘«¿º¨Žé³.

ºè㿺ª¦ :
Ì×™ê¢ÇÖ ƒ€«™¿ºª¦Ï¹° ƒ¿º± °íþº‘³ °ï †Ì‘ ¹°ø³ —ºíìèã³. ŠÏ‘Ò´±Ö ƒÜÛÑ þ°‘Ö ØÆ‘º‘Ì´±Ö é¹³ Ø㛎Ƴ. ƒ› ÃøÔōè Á±Æ‘ בâŽòéîÑ.

½çÑ :
ÐÏ™ ×¥þÀíŽÖ ŸÀ‘Ñ º´³ €ÀÖ —°‘€ÒØÖ €À¹³èã³. ƒÌÇÖ ¶€ÒÆÅ …èã³. ƒ› ŠÏ —ºÍÆ œÑ™€Ì ‚€Ò µ€¥—ºìŽé³. ƒ°î‘Ö À™è—°‘€ Á±Æ‘Ë …èã³. ÏŽ ± ãØÖ ºÇÌ‘Žé³. ב€Ý¿ºÝ´±íÅ ƒÜÛÑ é¿½ —ºíì´ ±âŽé³. ºÒ À‘¶Ò›æ™Å ƒ›ŽÏ¹³ ב€Ý¿ºÝÅ ˆíìÀ±Æ‘Žé³. —°òï¹±Æ œÑ™€Ì¿ —º‘Ïã‘°‘Ì´±Ö ½çÑ Ã™ŽÆ ƒ¥Å —ºíé°‘Ö ¯¥ ‘ØÍÇò ì™þ º‘ÒÅ €À™¿ºª¨èã³. ½ç€Ì Šª¦Éè㠰ت¨¿º‘€ãÆ´€°ÉÅ þ×Õ–€ÌÉÅ µ‘À™Ö À‘ת¥´€°ÉÅ ƒ¿º‘ÒÅ ƒ€«™Žé³. ØÆ‘Ý™ ŽÝ€ÀäÖ œ¹€° ˜¨Žé³. þ×㑯€À ×ãÅ é¹³ ‘«¿º¨Žé³.
°Áⵑ¨ Ìœ‘Ö —°‘¥›¿ºª¨è㠍‘Ž° ‚€ÒÉÅ ƒÜÛÑ ×ãÑ¢™™ ‘Ì«À‘ …èã³. ½çÍÖ þœÌÑ Ö—ת¨è ‘«¿º¨Žòéî.

«žÒÅ :
ƒÜÛÑ þ‘ØÓÖ €º´±Æ›è «À‘™¿º¨ŽòéîÑ.

°‘òþ°‘¬ :
ÐÏ™ ŽÝ™ŽÖ 1 1/2 €ÀÖ —°‘€ÒØÖ …èã³. ƒ› º€ÝÆ
‘Ò´³¢ œ´±Ì›è ºÒ °™ ºÌ‘ÀÍ¿»òê …èãî. Øö® þ‘ÇÖ Šòì À€ÒÇÖ ª¥¿ºª¨èã³. ƒ³ €Ò¢ é¿½ Á¹³èã³. €×ö«×Ñè ƒ™þ‘ÇÓÖ ÖÆ‘«Å, ¾®–Ö ¬Ø´°Ö ðÓÆ×í€é µ¥´³ŽòéîÑ. Ö°¢Ÿ þ×€Ò é¿½´ —°‘ÞÒ‘ …èã³. þ×㑯€ÀÉÅ é¿½é µ€¥—ºìŽé³.

ÀÖÒ¿ºª¦ :
°‘òþ°‘¬™ÏŽÖ ƒÜÛÑ …èã³. ƒ™ŽÌ‘À´±Ö Ž.». 1783 ƒÖ
ÐÍÖ µ¥¹° þº‘ÍÖ ƒé¹° °ãº± øþ¥òÓ ÀíìÅ ºÒ þº‘Ñ ÙÌэäò ¶€îב™ ª¥¿ºª¥ œÀ‘±è …èãî.

—פœÀò ˜¥Õ–Ñ :
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—ׯ«À€Ò :
ƒÜÛÑ ÐÏ™ ×¥™ŽÖ …èã³. ƒ›èã Ÿ¿ÌÀ¬ÆÑ þ‘ØÓÖ µ€¥—ºìÅ €°¿¾œ´ ±ÏØÝ‘Ø퐿 ºÒ º±äÓϹ³Å À™è ×¹³ ˜¨×Ñ.

þת€¥ À›ÒÅ :
ÐÏ™ ×¥þÀíŽÖ 12 €ÀÖ —°‘€ÒØÖ ƒÜÛÑ …èã³. þת€¥Æ‘¥ ×¹° þœÌ ÀòîÑ, ƒ¿º±Çò ƒÆ퀍¿ þºÌݍ‘Ö ×Ì¿ºª¨, ƒÜÛ€Ì …¯¥‘™Ž¿ —ºÆͪ¥°‘™ ˜é¿º¨Žé³.

ä´°€Ò :
ת¥´±íÅ †Ì‘ª ŠòêÆ´±íÅ °€ÒµÌ‘Ë Ø㛐Žé³. ב¬´±Ò é¹±Ï¿º°‘ÕÅ, ÌŸ Õ×ҍ›è, ƒÌÇÖ ¶€ÒÆÅ, þºÏ¹³ ¶€ÒÆÅ ƒÏ¿º°‘ÕÅ ƒÜÛÍÖ À™è —°‘€ Á±. ƒ› —µœÚ´ —°‘Þ€Ò þÀ헍‘¯¨èã þ°×‘›Ñ Á±Æ‘ בàŽòéîÑ. þ×㑯€ÀÉÅ ×ãÀ‘ Ø㛐Žé³. †€Ì¢ ŸíêÕÅ ºÖþ×ì ì—°‘ÞÖ ¶ì×î›è €À¹³èãî. ÖØ ×ãÃÅ þÀþÒ‘›ŽÉèã³.

‚¯¥×Ñ þ‘ÇÖ :
ä´°€Ò™™ ŽÝ™ŽÖ 20 €ÀÖ —°‘€ÒØÖ ƒÜÛÑ …èã³. ƒ›èã À‘ï¦Æ‘ þ‘ØÖ ½â —ºíì Ø㛐Žé³.

¬Æ‘¿¾Ñ :
ä´°€Ò™™ ŽÝ™ŽÖ 20 €ÀÖ —°‘€ÒØÖ ƒÜÛÑ …èã³. ƒ› ˆà òïÀ‘Ñ þ‘ØÖ €À¹³èã³. À‘ À‘°´±Ö º´³ µ‘è ±ÏØÝ‘ µ€¥—ºìÅ. ¿þº‘³ À™è ˆÌ‘ãÀ‘™ ˜¨×Ñ.

þ°×Ñ À€Ò :
ä´°€Ò™´ —°òþÀíŽÖ 22 €ÀÖ —°‘€ÒØÖ …èã³. …™ŽÌ µÌÅÀÑ þ‘ÇÒ‘Ö †Ñ é¿º€¥¹³èã³.

¥Õ–Ñ :
±ÏÀ€Òµ‘Æ™Í¥Å º¬½Í¹° ô€°Æ µ‘Æ™Ñ ‡òº×Ì‘Ö ¶ÑÀ‘¬™¿ºª¥ †Ì‘Å. ä´°€Ò™´ —°ò þÀíŽÖ ŸÀ‘Ñ 28 €ÀÖ —°‘€ÒØÖ …èã³. ×ÌÒ‘íì¿ ½â —ºíì Ø㛐Šþ×㑯€ÀÆ‘ÕÅ, ì—°‘ÞÖ ×ãÑ¢Æ‘ÕÅ é¿º€¥¹³ ×ÏŽé³.

¸›×ÌÅ :
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º‘¿º‘™‘躪¦ :
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ƒÌ´±îŽÍ :
ä´°€Ò™´ —°òþÀíŽÖ ŸÀ‘Ñ ‰¹³ €ÀÖ —°‘€ÒØÖ …èã³. ˜Åº‘î þ°‘íé´±Ö ‘«¿º¨Å À€Ò¿º±Æ‘Ö ƒÌ´±îŽÍ ‡òñÅ —ºÆÑ ˆíºª¥°‘™ ˜ì×Ñ. ƒÅÀ€ÒÇò …ÆÌÅ 1178 ¦. ƒ°ò …¢€Æ €¥Æ 952 º¦è —ת¥¿ª¨èãî. ƒ€é×ñ™ ƒÌ´±îŽÎø×ÌÑ ‡òé —ºÆÑ ×Ý›Žé³. ƒ™þ‘ØÖ Ÿíì À±ÖäÖ —ù‘Ëœã ÀòîÑ ÙÌþœ‘þÀø×ÌÑ Ö—ת¨è ‘«¿º¨Žòéî.

Ýê :
ת¥´±íÅ, †Ì‘ª ŠòêÆ´±íÅ °€ÒµÌ‘Ë Ø㛐Žé³.
ב¬ÃÅ þ×㑯€ÀÉÅ —œÞ´³ ×ãѹ³èãî. ½°ò ŽÝ€ÀäÖ œ¹€° ˜¨Žé³. ‘ØÍÇÓϹ³ »ÍÉÅ —ºÍÆ ×‘Ë™‘Ö †Ï™ €«¿º‘ ‹¨Žé³. Õ×ҍ›è, ºèäè, ׬ ¶€ÒÆ›è ðÓÆ×íé‘Ö †Ñ é¿½íì Ø㛐Žé³.

—°‘ª¦ÆÅ :
—°‘ª¦ÆÅ †Ì‘ª ŠòêÆ´±ò °€ÒµÑ. À™è —°‘€ Á±.
—×íê€Ò™ ƒÜÛÑ ½â—ºíé³. þ×㑯€ÀÉÅ é¿½é µ€¥—ºìŽé³. ƒ³ þºÐÌ‘ªÆ‘ Ø㛐װ‘Ö, ºÒ ÌŸ Õ×ҍ›æÅ, ŠòêÆ ÀÏ´³× À€îÉÅ …èãî. þºÏ¹³ ל± —ºíìèã³. ÃøÔōè, Æ‘°×Ñè ±À‘ בâŽòéîÑ.

þ×ґɰź‘€ãÆÅ :
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—°‘ÞÖ :

½çÑ œÑ™€Ì ‚€Ò :
—°òï¹±Æ œÑ™€Ì¿ —º‘Ïã‘°‘Ì´±Ö ½çÑ œÑ™€Ì ‚€Ò ÙŽÆ¿ º› ׎™Žé³. ƒ³ ‘Ò´°‘Ö ºÝ€ÀÆ‘î³. µ‘—ã‘ò왐 ŸÀ‘Ñ 1500 ¥ò ÏŽ¢œ‘ì »ÞÆ¿º¨Žé³.

°Áⵑ¨ —œË±´°‘è ÀíìÅ, ‘Ž° ¶ì×îÅ :
ƒ™‘Ž° ‚€Ò ½çÍÖ Ð.236 þ‘¦ ðԪ¦Ö €À™¿ºª¨ …íº´± µ¥™Žé³. ‚¯¨™ 50,000 ¥ò —œË±´°‘è ‘Ž°ÃÅ, 40,000 ¥ò ‡à³ ¢Ÿ™ ‘Ž°ÃÅ …íº´± —œËÆ¿º¨Žé³. ƒ°î‘Ö 40 þ‘¦ òïÆ —œÒ‘׬ Á¢œ¿º¨Žé³. ƒ› ÏŽ œ™€€Æ™ —‘¯¨ ‘Ž°Å °Æ‘Í™Žé‘эè. 785 ˆ™Ñ ¶Ò¿ºÌ¿»Ö ƒ³ €À¹³èã³.