—º‘³ غÌÅ:

À‘ת¥´ °€ÒµÑ þœÒÅ. ƒÅÀ‘ת¥´±ò ºÌ¿ºãÚ: 5,444.08 œ.Ž.Â; À™è —°‘€: 25,67,000; ×›Žè: 749 (˜ª¨éÚ ×›Ž€ãÉÅ þœÑ´³); ‘×Ö ¶€ÒÆÅ: 31; ¤œÖ ¶€ÒÆ›è: °€Ò€À ¤œÒÅ - 394; ±€ÌÆÌ›è: 136; —°‘€Òþºè: 96,564; À€ÝÆãÚ: œÌ‘œÍ 841 Á.Â.; Ò œÀÆÅ 1,056 Á.Â.; ÙŽÆ ‚ìè: ‘ØÍ, À¬Ã´°‘ì, םö¥ µ±; €«è: þÀª©Ñ (ø¥‘òÓ ÿÑ´þ°™Å) ‚€î À¨Ú, ÍÆ þ‘ØÖ;

…è㑪 ¶ÑבÅ:
À‘µÌ‘ª - 1; µÌœ€ºè - 3; †Ì‘ª ŠòêÆ›è - 20; þºÐÌ‘ªè - 34; º¤œ‘Æ´³è - 376; ŽÌ‘À›è - 3,100;

×Ï×‘Ë ¶ÑבÅ:
þ‘ª¥›è - 4; ת¥›è - 9;

œª¥ œ€º —°‘±è 12:
þÀª©Ñ, °‘ÌÀ›ÒÅ, º€îÀÌ´³¿ºª¦, ‹ÀÕ–Ñ, ˆí‘¨, þœÒÅ-1, þœÒÅ-2, Ù̺‘¯¦, ‚´³–Ñ, °€ÒבœÖ, œ›ŽÍ, ‡¥¿º‘¦.

º‘Ì‘æÀòé´ —°‘±è 4:
Ì‘½ÌÅ (µ‘À™Ö), þœÒÅ, ±Ï¢—œ›þ‘¨, °ÑÀ½Í (þœÒÅ Àª¨Å Ãà´—°‘±, Àíé€× þ×ì À‘ת¥ º±)

ÖØ:
ºÖ€Ò™ÝÅ 1, —ºÍÆ‘Ñ ºÖ€Ò™ÝÅ

ºèäè:
—°‘¥™ ¶€Ò - 1,254
µ¨¶€Ò - 120
…ÆѶ€Ò - 103
þÀ¶€Ò - 33

ÖՖ͍è:
ÀÏ´³×Å - 2
ºÖ ÀÏ´³×Å - 1
—º‘êÇÆÖ - 4,
º‘Ó—¥™ï™ - 5
œª¥Å - 1
€Ò ÀíìÅ êØÆÖ ÖՖ͍è - 11.

ÙŽÆ ؀㗺‘Ïèè:
—µÖ, ºÏ¿½×€è, ºÏ´±, ÀÌ×èä™ ŽÝ›, ÏŽ, ¶Ò™¥€Ò, À‘źÝÅ ÀíìÅ þÌ‘ó‘, ÀÖÓ€. 521 —ù™þ¥Ñ ºÌ¿½ Øל‘Æ´±í¿ ºÆòº¨´°¿º¨Žé³.

—°‘Þ휑€Òè:
Øל‘ÆÅ œ‘ѹ°€× - 125
‘¨ œ‘ѹ°€× - 31
ïÀ¿ —º‘Ïè - 38
³¬Æ‘€Òè - 393
—º‘êÇÆÖ - 20
þ×±¿—º‘Ïè - 95
ø¥‘Ñ¢ - 726
ˆ€îÆ€× - 410

ŸíìÒ‘ ƒ¥›è:
ˆí‘¨ (À€ÒבޥŠ- ¥Ö Àª¥´±ÓϹ³ 5100 ¦ …ÆÌÅ), þÀª©Ñ €«, °‘ÌÀ›ÒÅ þ‘ÇÖ, þœÒÅ …Ï™‘€Ò, þœÒÅ ¹°‘øÌÀÅ, Ïןª¦ …ÇÍÆÖ ¾›‘.

×Þº‘ª¦¥›è:
þœÒÅ þ‘ª€¥ À‘ÍÆÅÀò þ‘ÇÖ, ¹°‘øÌÀÅ, °‘ÌÀ›ÒÅ €Ò‘œµ‘°Ñ ‚ÒÆÅ, þœÒŠ̑󍫺± ‚ÒÆÅ, Ÿ×þîø×ÌÑ ±Ï™þ‘ÇÖ.

ÙŽÆ´ ±ÏØÝ‘™è:
À‘ÍÆÅÀò ±ÏØÝ‘. ‚¦¿—ºÏ™ ØÝ‘, ÀíìÅ ˆí‘¨ þ‘€¥ ØÝ‘.

À‘ת¥´±Ö ê¿»¥´°™þ‘Ñ:
¥‘™¥Ñ Ÿ¿ºÌ‘Æò - Ãòî‘è €À¢œÑ; þÀ‘ò À‘ÌÀ›ÒÅ - €À¢œÑ; Ÿ°¹±Ì¿ þº‘Ì‘ª¥ ÙÌÑ À‘źҙØÌ‘ÆÑ; ¥‘™¥Ñ. Ïº‘°Å (Ì‘ó‘ó’ €À¢œÌ€× …ì¿»îÑ); ‡ø.».Ì‘Àœ‘Á - (Ÿ°¹±Ì´±í Ãò À´±Æ€À¢œÑ) ƒ€œÉÒŽÖ ½Ý€¥¹° µ‘ÀŽÍ¿þºª€¥ ŽÏö«ò; ƒ€œÆ̝ þœÒÅ —óÆÒªŸÁ; Ãòî‘è €À¢œÑ ƒÌ‘œ‘Ì‘Å; ½Ò×Ñ ×Ì°µ¤œ¿º »è€ã; ƒÌ‘Àœ‘Á Ú¯¥Ñ; þœÒÅ ×Ý™ê£Ñ ØóÆÌ‘×‘¢œ‘ÍÆ‘Ñ; '€ÒÀè' ƒ°â Ž.ב.óòî‘°ò, Ø£Ñè .À¬, …À‘º±, ÃϐŸ¹°ÌÅ, þœÒÅ °Áⵑ¥ò ðÓþÆ‘Ñ.

þœÒÅ À‘ת¥ ×ÌÒ‘ì:
þœÒÅ À‘ת¥Å —‘›µ‘ª¦ò ŠÏ º±Æ‘ º¯€¥Æ µ‘ªäÖ ƒÏ¹³ ×¹³èã³. °í ÃòîÑ ±ÆÀ‘ò ‚ª¿ º±ÇÖ ƒÏ¹³ ×¹³èã³. þœÒÅ À‘ת¥´±ò ×ÌÒ‘ì ºÝ€ÀÆ‘î³. ƒ› ½±Æ í‘Ò Àï°ò ºÆòº¨´±Æ þ‘¥Íè, Ÿ´±è, º‘€îè, þ°Ë¿½™ íè, ×€ãÆ֍è þº‘òé€× þœÑ×Ì‘Æò, ÖÌ‘Æò, ×´°ÒÀ€Ò, þÀÒŽÍ, ª¦Ì‘Æò À€Ò ðÓÆ º±ÇÖ Ž€¥´±Ï™Žé³. ‡¯«íé µ¨íè Ž€¥´±Ï™Žòé³. ƒÅÀ‘ת¥Å °ÑÀ½Í ±ÆÀ‘òè, þœ‘Ýэè, òî¥Ñè, µ‘Æ™Ñè, ±¿½ŸÖ°‘ò, ‚›ŽþÒÆÑè ‚ª™ …ªºª¦Ï¹°³.

ƒÜÛÍÖ …èã À€Ò€Æ¢ þœÌò ‚¯¥°‘Ö þœÑ×Ì‘Æò À€Ò ‚Çíì; ³ þº‘Ò¢ 'þœÌÒÅ' ‡òº³ 'þœÒÅ' ‚Çíì ‡òìÅ ˜ì×Ñ. ˆ´°‘¿¾Ñ —œ¿þº¨ ƒÜۀ̢ "œ‘ÓÆ þœÌÀ¯¥ÒÅ" ‡î™ ê¿»¨Žé³. ‡îþ×, þœÌÒÅ ‡òñÅ —ºÆþÌ ‘Ò¿þº‘™ŽÖ ±Í¹³ þœÒÅ ‡î ×Ý›¿ºª¥³.

»Íª§ö ŽÝ™Ž¹±Æ™ Å—ºï º€¥™Å ±¿½ ŸÖ°‘ñ™Å ƒ€¥þÆ 1792ƒÖ µ€¥—ºíé þº‘€Ì´ —°‘¥Ñ¹³ ŠÏ Š¿º¹°Å ˆíºª¥³. ƒ°ò ¦¿º€¥ÇÖ ±¿½ŸÖ°‘ï¥Å ƒÏ¹³ —ºé¿ºª¥ º±€ã™ —‘¯¨ 'º‘ÌÀù‘Ö ÀíìÅ þœÒÅ' À‘ת¥Å 1792ƒÖ …Ïב™¿ºª¥³. °ÑÀ½Í À‘ת¥´±ò —ºÏź‘Ò‘î º±€ã™ —‘¯¨ º‘ÌÀù‘Ö (12 œÀø°‘è) ÀíìÅ þœÒÅ À‘ת¥´±ò ŽÏö«ŽÍ€Æ´ °€ÒµÌ‘™ —‘¯¥ º‘Ì Àù‘Ö À‘ת¥Å ‡òìÅ, þœÒ´€°´ °€ÒµÌ‘™ —‘¯¥ °‘Ò™‘ª À‘ת¥Å ‡òìÅ ƒÌ¯¥‘¿ »Í™¿ºª¥³. 1801ƒÖ ƒ€× ƒÌ¯¨Å Šòꀫ™¿ºª¥³. »òîÑ 1808ƒÖ ƒ.‚Ñ.ù‘ÑŽþÌÜ À‘ת¥ ‚ª´ °€Ò×Ì‘ ƒÏ¹°þº‘³ ƒ³ þœÒÅ À‘ת¥Å ‡î¿ —ºÆÑ À‘íéÅ —œËÆ¿ºª¥³. À‘ת¥´ °€ÒµÑ °ÑÀ½ÍÇÖ ƒÏ¹³ þœÒ´±í 1830ƒÖ À‘í鿺ª¥³. —°‘¥Ñ¹³ Ò ‚¯¨è °€ÒµÑ ‹¡Ï™ À‘í鿺ª¥‘ÕŘ¥, 1860ƒÖ ‚ª´ °€Ò×Ñ Õ×ҍŠ¯¨Å þœÒ´±í À‘í鿺ª¥³. 1965ƒÖ þœÒ´±Ö ƒÏ¹³ þœÑ×Ì‘Æò À€ÒÇò ×¥™ŽÖ …èã º±è °ïÆ‘¿ »Í™¿ºª¨, °ÑÀ½Í À‘ת¥Å ½±Æ°‘ …Ïב™¿ºª¥³. 1996 þÀ À‘°Å þœÒÅ À‘ת¥´±ÓϹ³ µ‘À™Ö À‘ת¥Å …Ïב™¿ºª¥³.

SALEM ‡òé ‰¹—°à´±ò é¿½ã‘×î:-
S - Steel - ‡Œ
A - Aluminium - ÕÁïÆÅ
L - Limestone - Ÿ¯«‘Ž™ Ö
E - Electricity - Áòœ‘ÌÅ
M - Mangoes - À‘źÒÅ

ƒÆ퀍 ×ãÅ:
ƒÅÀ‘ת¥´±Ö —ºÏź± —œÅÀ¯, ÀíìÅ ÍœÖÀ¯ ×€€Æ¢ œ‘ѹ°³. ƒ› ‘ØÍÉÅ, —×èã‘ìÅ, םª¥‘ µ±ÉÅ ‹¨Žé³. ƒÅÀ‘ת¥Å ê¤ ±€«€Æ¢ œ‘ѹ°³. ÖÌ‘Æò, þœÑ×Ì‘Æò, ¤œÀ€Ò, ²Ñ´°€Ò, ˆí‘¨ À€Ò, €µî‘À€Ò, »ÒÀ€Ò ðÓÆ€× Ã™ŽÆÀ‘î€×.

ï×ãÅ:
¤œÀ€Ò, ²Ñ´°€Ò ðÓÆ À€ÒÇÖ ƒÏŽ´ °‘³ …èã³. ¤œÀ€ÒÇÖ …è㠃ώ´°‘³ ‡ä±Ö —ת¦—ƨ™Åº¦ €À¹³èã³. ƒÅÀ€ÒÇÖ ŸÀ‘Ñ 45 þ‘¦ ¥ò ‡€¥Éè㠃ώ´ °‘³ …èã°‘™ «™Ž¥¿ºª¨èã³. ×íêÓϹ³ ‡¨™™˜¦Æ ƒÏŽ´°‘³Øò ãÚ 304 ÁÖÓÆò ¥ò ‡òì «™Ž¥¿ºª¨èã³. þœÑ×Ì‘Æò À€Ò¿ º±ÇÖ ÕÁïÆÅ °Æ‘Í¿º°í ×ÆÀ‘î º‘™€œª ‡òé °‘³ ± ãØÖ Ž€¥™Žòé³. ƒÅÀ‘ת¥´±Ö Ž€¥™Å À‘™î€œª °‘³ ƒ¹±Æ‘ØþÒþÆ Ã°Ö °ÌÀ‘î°‘™ Ï°¿º¨Žé³.

À‘ת¥ À™è:
ƒÅÀ‘ת¥´±Ö —ºÏÀãÚ ×òïÆэæÅ, þ×ã‘㠍گ¥ÑæŠבâŽòéîÑ. °‘ÌÀ›ÒÅ, ‚ª€¥Æ‘źª¦, —ׯ«¹³–Ñ, þœÒÅ ŽÝ™¿ º± ‚ŽÆ ƒ¥›äÖ —µœÚ´ —°‘ÞÖ —œËÉÅ —œ›¹° ðÓÆ‘Ñè ±ãØÖ …èãîÑ. ‡´°‘¿¾Ñ, ½´±ÌÚ¯¥ò º‘€ãÆÅ, —º´° µ‘ƍò º‘€ãÆÅ ‚ŽÆ º±äÖ —°Õ› µ‘Æ™ÑæÅ, þœÒ´±ò —°òº±, ‡ãÅ»è€ã, óҍ¯¥‘½ÌÅ ‚ŽÆ º±äÖ òî¥ œ‘±ÇîÏŠבâŽòéîÑ. À‘ת¥´±ò ‚± ¦ã‘î À™è þœÑ×Ì‘Æò À€Ò´ —°‘¥ÍÖ ×‘â¹³ ×ÏŽòéîÑ.

þ×㑯€À:
‚¯¨ Ãà׳Šƒ› þ×㑯€À —œËÆ¿ºª¨ ×ÏŽé³. —µÖ, ÏŽ, ב€Ý, ºÏ´±, þœ‘ãÅ, À‘źÒÃÅ ƒ€°´ °ØÌ ‘¿», º‘™, ¶Ò™¥€Ò, —×íê€Ò, ÀÌ×è䙎ݛ, ºÝ×€è ‚ŽÆ€× º«¿ºÇÌ‘ÚŠ؀ãØ™¿º¨Žòéî.

םª¥‘ µ±Çò ì™þ 16 €«è ª¥¿ºª¨èãî. ƒ×íêÓϹ³ —ת¥¿ºª¨è㠍‘Öבˍäò ÄÒÅ ŸÀ‘Ñ 6000 ˆ™Ñ ¶Ò›è ÿѺ‘œîŠל± —ºìŽòéî. þÀª©Ñ €« ‘Ö×‘Ë ÄÒÅ ‹ÀÕ–Ñ, œ›ŽÍ ת¥›è ºÆŽòéî. þœÒÅ —º‘³¿º¬´³€é ÀíìÅ º¤œ‘Æ´³ ÊïÆò ˆÍè —À‘´°Å 258 …èãî. ƒÜþ×͍ã‘Ö —À‘´°Å 23500 ˆ™Ñ ¶Ò›è ÿѺ‘œî ל± —ºìŽòéî. ƒÜØל‘Æ¿ »ÍØÖ ŸÀ‘Ñ 45095 Ž«ìè …èãî. ƒ™ Ž«ìã‘Ö ŸÀ‘Ñ 11.2 ƒÒªœÅ ˆ™Ñ ¶Ò›è ÿѺ‘œî ל±è —ºìŽòéî. ƒ¿»ÍØÖ 22,500 Ž«ìäÖ, Áòœ‘Ì¿ ºÅ½ —œª¨è —º‘Ï´°¿ºª¨èãî.

—µœÚ´—°‘ÞÖ:
þœÒÅ À‘ת¥´±Ö ƒÌ¯¥‘׳ —ºÏ¹—°‘ÞÒ‘ —µœÚ´—°‘ÞÖ ƒÏ¹³ ×ÏŽé³. °Áⵑª¦þÒþÆ ±À‘î €´°êè …èã À‘ת¥Å þœÒÅ À‘ת¥À‘Å. þœÒÅ µÍÕÅ, ½³¿º‘€ãÆÅ, —ׯ«¹³–Ñ, ‚ª€¥Æ‘źª¦, °‘ÌÀ›ÒÅ ‚ŽÆ †ÑäÕÅ ºÏ´± ‚€¥è Á±Æ‘ —µËÆ¿º¨Žòéî. þœÒÅ, —ׯ«¹³–Ñ ‚ŽÆ ƒ¥›äÕÅ, óҍ¯¥½Ì´±Ö ƒ¿þº‘³ º×ÑÕ–Å °êè Á±Æ‘ …èãî. þœÒÅ µÌ´±Ö ÅÀ‘¿þºª€¥¿ ºÏ´± ‚€¥ —µË×±Ö é¹³ Ø㛐Žòéî. ÅÀ‘¿þºª€¥ ˜ª¨éÚ œ›Å ½â—ºíé³. þœÒÅ µÍÕÅ, þœÒÅ µÌ´€°¢ œ‘ѹ° —‘¯¥Ò‘źª¦¿ º±ÇÕÅ ºª¥‘€¥è —µËÆ¿º¨Žòéî.

‘Öµ€¥ ×ãÑ¿½:
°Áⵑª¦Ö …è㠍‘Öµ€¥äÖ 7 œ°Ù°Å ‘Öµ€¥è þœÒÅ À‘ת¥´±Ö ×ãÑ™¿º¨Žòéî. ‹ÀÕ–Ñ ×ª¥´±Õèã þÀ¢þœÍÇÖ µÖÒ °ÌÀ‘î ‚¨è ×ãÑ™¿º¨Žòéî. ƒÜב¨äò À‘ÁœÃÅ, þ°‘ÕÅ °Ì´±Ö …Æѹ°°€×. ƒÜב¨äò °Ì´€° …ÆÑ´° þ‘Æô³–ÍÕèã °Áⵑ¨ Øל‘Æ¿ ºÖ€Ò™ÝÅ, Ìœ‘› ¶± …°ØþÆ‘¨ —œÆÖº¨Žé³. þœÒÅ À‘ת¥´±Ö ‘›þÆÅ À‘¨è, —µÖÕ–Ñ ºŸ™è, ‹¡Ñ ºŸ™è, ¹±¿ ºŸ™è ‚ŽÆ€× ±ãØÖ ×ãÑ™¿º¨Žòéî. þÀ¢þœÍÇÖ ×‘Ì¹þ°‘ìÅ À‘ª¨¢ œ¹€° ˜¨Žòé³.

'°Áⵑ¨ º‘Öº¯€«´ —°‘ÞÖ ×ãÑ¢™ ÝÅ' þœÒ´±Ö —ºÍÆ ãØÖ º‘€Ò¿ º‘³‘™ äÑ¿º°î ל± —œË³ ºÖþ×ì ƒ¥›æ™Å ñ¿½Žé³.

þœÒÅ À‘ת¥ —°‘ÞÖ ×ãÅ:
þœÒÅ À‘ת¥´³ þÀ‘ñ–ÍÖ œÑ™€Ì´ —°‘Þ휑€Ò µ€¥—ºíì ×ÏŽé³. ºèä¿ º‘€ãÆ´±Ö —ºÍÆ ‘Ž°´ —°‘Þ휑€Ò ƒÆ›Ž ×ÏŽé³. þœÒÅ (…€¥Æ‘ºª¦), þœÒÅ, ‚´³–Ñ, (—œÖÓÆÅ º‘€ãÆÅ), À‘̺‘€ãÆÅ, þÀª©Ñ ‚ŽÆ ƒ¥›äÖ —ºÍÆ ¸–í½ ‚€Òè µ€¥—ºíì ×ÏŽòéî.

þœÒÅ À‘ת¥´³ œ›ŽÍ ³Ñ™´±Ö ƒ¹±Æ‘ —À¯ª —°‘Þ휑€Ò ˆíº¨´°¿ºª¨èã³. þÀª©ÍÖ ƒÌœ‘Æî¿ —º‘Ïè —°‘Þ휑€Ò, ÕÁïÆ´ —°‘Þ휑€Ò, ÄÒ‘Å ¾ŸÅ —°‘Þ휑€Ò, œ¹°î ‡¯—«Ë´ —°‘Þ휑€Ò, ×îøº± —°‘Þ휑€Ò ‚ŽÆ —°‘Þ휑€Òè µ€¥—ºíì ×ÏŽòéî. ƒ¹±Æ‘ØþÒþÆ ±À‘î óÜ×͝ ƒÅÀ‘ת´±Ö°‘ò …íº´±Æ‘Žòé³.

þœÒÅ:
þœÒÅ ‡òé —ºÆÍÖ —ÀÍ™‘ØÕÅ, ƒ›ŽÒ‘¹±ÕŘ¥ µÌ›è …¯¨. €´°ê, ׬ ¶€ÒÆ›è ¶€é¹°³ ƒÜÛÑ. þœÒÅ µÌ´±Ö ב¬ ×ã´€°¿ —ºÏ™Å ƒ¥Å 'Ôºó‘Ñ' ‡òñÅ €¥Ù±ÇÕèã —À‘´° ØÆ‘º‘Ì ¶€ÒÆ›ã‘ŽÆ ºÖþ×ì À¯¦è, ƒ¹µÌ´±Ö ב̹þ°‘ìÅ —œÜב˙ ŽÝ€ÀÆòì µ€¥—ºìŽòé ב̢ œ¹€° ØÆ‘º‘ÌÅ ÁÚÅ —ºÍÆ°‘Å. ƒ¹° ב̢ œ¹€°™ ƒÅÀ‘ת´±ÓϹ³Å ¨´° À‘ת¥›äÓϹ³Å —º‘Ϫ€ã Øíº°íÅ, ב›×°íÅ ˆÌ‘ãÀ‘î À™è ×¹³ ˜¨×‘эè. ƒ¹±Æ‘ØþÒþÆ ÁÚÅ ÿãÀ‘î - —ºÍÆ ƒÌÇÖþ× »ã‘ªº‘ÌÅ þœÒÅ œ¹±¿½ ¶€ÒÆ¿ »ã‘ªº‘ÌþÀ ‚Å.

þœÒÅ À‘ת¥ ÌŸ Ï›‘ªÆÅ ‹ÀÕ–Ñ œ‘€ÒÇÖ €À¹³èã³. —×èä بÀé. þœÒ´€°¢ Ÿíê º‘Ñ™´°™ ƒ¥›è: ƒÌ‘ÀŽÏö«À¥Å, 5 Ž.Â. —°‘€ÒØÕèã ýÀÌŽÍ þ‘ÇÖ, 10 Ž.Â. —°‘€ÒØÕè㠍¹°Ì‘øÌÀÅ, ±¿½ŸÖ°‘ò ª¦Æ ó‘À‘ Àôó’ª, þœÒÅ ø§Ö »ã‘¯€¥ ñÀ±É¥ò º‘Ñ™Ò‘Å. 10 Ž.Â. —°‘€ÒØÕè㠐Ïźºª¦ …ÇÍÆÖ ¾›‘ - ƒ³ þœÑ×Ì‘Æò À€ÒƦב̴±Ö €À¹³èã³.

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