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°¤œ‘€é (‚€é - Ì¯) °¤œÅ €¥¹°×э晐 Ì«‘ Ø㛐׳ ‡òñÅ —º‘ÏäÖ €À¹³èã³.

×ÌÒ‘íì¢ é¿½:

°¤€œ À‘ת¥Å »í‘Ò þœ‘Ý À¯¥Ò´±ò ÙŽÆ¿ º±Æ‘ Ø㛎Ƴ. ‘ØÍÆ‘Ö ×ãÅ —‘Þ¿º°‘Ö ƒ€°¿ º‘¥‘° ƒÒ™ŽÆ›þã ƒÖ€Ò ‡òì ‡¯®Å ãØí ½â —ºíé³. °Áݍ´±ò ŠþÌ þºÌÌœ‘î þœ‘Ý œ‘ÅÌ‘ôÆ´±ò °€ÒµÌ‘ ‚ÇÌÅ ‚¯¨ æ™ ÃòîþÌ ±â¹°³. ºÖÒ×эäò â þœ‘ÝÑè íé̜э㑍 ƒÏ¹° ‘Ò´±Ö °¤€œ€Æ ‹Ñ µÌ‘™Ž ‚¯¥×эè ô±€ÌÆэþã ‚×Ñ. »í‘Ò þœ‘ÝÌ‘ª€Æ´ —°‘¥›Ž €×´° ØóÆÒ‘Æ þœ‘Ýò ô±€ÌÆэ€ã —×òì °¤€œ€Æ °€Ò€ÀÇ¥ À‘™ŽÆ»ò Žª¥´°ª¥ þœ‘ÝÌ‘ª 429 ×Ï¥›è ƒÏ¹°€° Æ‘ÏÅ À降 æƑ³. þœ‘Ýэ晐¿ »é º‘¯¦Æэè, »òîÑ —œÖÒ¿º µ‘Æ™Ñ, þœ×¿º µ‘Æ™Ñ, ̐µ‘° µ‘Æ™Ñ ‚ŽþÆ‘Ì‘Ö ‚㿺ª¥³; 1675 ƒÖ ÀÌ‘ª¦ÆÑ €ÇÖ Ø๰³. œÌþº‘ó’ ‘Ò´±Ö —×è€ãÆэã‘Ö ‡¨´³™ —‘è㿺ª¥³.

—º‘³ Ø×Ì›è:

°¤€œ À‘ת¥´±ò °€ÒµÑ °¤œ‘ÛÑ. ƒ°ò ºÌ¿½: 3,602,86 œ.Ž.Â; À™è —°‘€: 21,38,845; ºèäè: 1558; ÖՖ͍è: 30; ºÖ€Ò™ ÝÅ: °Á⠺֍€Ò™ ÝÅ; ‚ìè: —ׯ«‘ì, ¥ÃϪ¦, º‘Áï ‚ì, ÌœÒ‘ì. ‘ØÍ, —‘èä¥Å; À€ÝÆãÚ: œÌ‘œÍ 102 Á.Â; œ‘€Ò ÿãÅ: 2021.2 Ž.Â. º±Ú —ºíé בî›è: 18,556; ÀÏ´³×À€îè 21; ×›Žè 224; —°‘€Òþºè: 21,997; ±€ÌÆÌ›è 98. ‡Ö€Òè: ŽÝ™ŽÖ µ‘€ À‘ת¥Å ÀíìÅ ±ÏבÐÑ À‘ת¥›è; —°òþÀíŽÖ ×›‘ã Ø͐¥‘; þÀíŽÖ ½³™þ‘ª€¥; ×¥™ŽÖ ±Ï¢ ÀíìÅ ¥Õ–Ñ À‘ת¥›è.

…è㑪è: µÌ‘ª-3; °¤€œ, ºª¨™þ‘ª€¥, Åºþ‘«Å; †Ì‘ª ŠòêÆ›è-14, œª¥œ€º —°‘±è: 9; ºª¨™þ‘ª€¥, °¤œ‘ÛÑ, þºÌ‘Û̬, ŠÌ´°µ‘¨, ±Ïþב«Å, ±Ï€×Æ‘ì, º‘ºµ‘œÅ, Åºþ‘«Å, ±ÏØ€¥Àϳ–Ñ; µ‘¥‘æÀòé —°‘±-1, °¤œ‘ÛÑ.

×Þº‘ª¦¥›è:

°¤œ‘ÛÑ, ¥¹€°, Ÿ×‘ÁÀ€Ò, ±Ï×Ò¤ŸÞ, ºª§ø×ÌÅ, ±ÏØ€¥Àϳ–Ñ, ±Ïµ‘þŸ×ÌÅ, Š¿»ÓÆ¿ºò þ‘ØÖ, ¾¯¦ À‘°‘ þ‘ØÖ, ×ã´³–Ñ À¡±, ±Ï€×Æ‘ì ‰Æ‘é¿ºÑ þ‘ØÖ, À‘ÍÆÅÀò þ‘ØÖ.

±ÏØÝ‘™è:

12 ‚¯¨æ™ ŠÏÃ€é µ¥™Å À‘ÀÅ ¥¹€°ÇÖ µ€¥—ºìÅ. °¤€œÇÖ ƒÌ‘œÌ‘œïò œ°Æ´ ±Ïµ‘è; ô³¿ ºÖÒ‘™; À‘ת¥Å Ãà׳Š‚¦¿—ºÏ™, —º‘›Ö, ‘Ñ´±€, ±Ï€×Æ‘ÍÖ œ¿°ø°‘îÅ, ±Æ‘Ì‘ó ‚Ì‘°€î ðÓÆî.

ŸíìÒ‘´ °Ò›è:

°¤€œ, ¥¹€°, °‘Ì‘ŸÌÅ, ±ÏØ€¥Àϳ–Ñ, ±Ï€×Æ‘ì, ŠÌ´°µ‘¨, Àþî‘Ì‘ ÀíìÅ þœ‘Ýэè þ‘ÇÖè …è㠱Ͽºî¹°‘è, ½èãÀ›€ ðÓÆ †Ñè.

°¤€œ °¹° —œÖ×›è:

×ÌÒ‘í왍‘Ò —ºÏÀ™è: þœ‘Ýэè, µ‘Æ™Ñè, ÀÌ‘ª¦Æэè, ÅºÑ, þœ™ŽÝ‘Ñ, µ‘ª¦Æ ƒ€œ™ €Ò ×ãÑ´° °¤€œ µ‘Ö×эã‘î —º‘ò€îÆ‘»è€ã œþ‘°Ìэè. Í‘Òò ×ÌÒ‘í€é ‡à±Æ …ҍµ‘° »è€ã, °Áâ ×ÌÒ‘ì ‡à±Æ žïבœÅ »è€ã; Ï«‘ÁÏ° œ‘ÌÅ °¹° ‚»Ì‘Å º¯¦°Ñ; ˆ¨ ‡¨´³ °¹° ˆ¹°Ö ƒÌª€¥ €¥ ƒÌµ‘° Ì‘ó‘äÆ‘Ñ; Ì¹€° °Á⢠œ›Å ¯¥ °Áâþ×è …À‘ Àþø×ÌÅ »è€ã; µ‘¥À¬ µ×‘¿ ƒÌ‘óÀ‘¬™Å »è€ã; °Áâ ƒÒ™ŽÆ›€ã º±¿»´° ….þ×. Ÿ×‘Áµ‘°ËÆÑ; °¤€œ À‘ת¥ þœÑÀò ºª¨™þ‘ª€¥ µ‘¦Ã´³¿ »è€ã; ¾¯¦ ב¯€¥Æ‘Ñ; …™€¥ þ°×Ñ Ã°ÓþÆ‘€Ì °¤€œ À™è À鿺±Ö€Ò. ‡à´°‘ãэäÖ ×¨ÛÑ ³€Ìœ‘Á, ó‘îŽÌ‘Àò, Í¢œ‘ò ¤Ÿ ðÓþÆ‘Ñ.

°¤œ‘ÛÑ:

°¤œ‘ÛÑ ‡òé³Å ¶€îØí ×Ì™˜¦Æ³ —ºÍÆ þ‘ØÖ°‘ò. ƒÌ‘óÌ‘ó þœ‘Ýò ‘Ò´±Ö ª¥¿ºª¥³. ƒ™þ‘ØÖ '—ºÏÚ€¥Æ‘Ñ þ‘ØÖ' ‡òì ™‘Ò´±Ö €Ý™¿ºª¥³. °¤€œ™ þ‘ØÓò ØÀ‘îÅ°‘ò —°òﹱƑØþÒþÆ …ÆÌÀ‘î³. ˆé´°‘Ý 190 ¦ þ‘ØÓò þÀÖ°ãÅ 80 ¥ò ‡€¥ —‘¯¥ ŠþÌ ÖÒ‘Ö €À™¿ºª¥³. ƒ›èã Ó›ÃÅ —ºÍƳ; µ¹±ÉÅ —ºÍƳ. °Áݍ´±Ö þח雐ŠƒÜ×ãÚ —ºÍÆ ãÚ íº›è Ž€¥Æ‘³. ŠþÌ ÖÒ‘Ò‘î€× ƒ€×. Ï×€é™ þ‘½Ì ¶€Òäò …èþã ‚¥×ÖÒ‘ò ‚¦Æ 108 Ì«›äÖ 81 Àª¨Å —œ³™¿ºª¨èã³. Àíé€× —œ³™ ƒ¥Å Ø¥¿ºª¨èã³. ƒ°ò Ÿíì¢ Ÿ×эäÖ 10-‚Å ¸–í鑯¨ þœ‘ÝÑ ‘Ò ‹ØÆ›è Ž€¥´³èãî. þœ‘ÝÑ ‘Ò´±í »òîÑ µ‘Æ™Ñ ‘Ò´±Ö »è€ãÆ‘Ñ, Ãύò þ‘ØÖ, Åº‘晍‘î °ï™ þ‘ØÖ, µ¹± À¯¥ºÅ ðÓÆ€× ª¥¿ºª¥î. þ‘ØþÒ þ‘ª€¥ þº‘Ò ‘«¿º¨Žé³. þ‘Ø€Ò¢ Ÿíê Þ ƒÏ™Žé³. Þ™ ÖÒ€«™ ‘ÖבÇÓϹ³ °¯­Ñ ×ÏŽé³.

×›€¿ ¾›‘:
þ‘Ø€Ò Šª¦ ×›€¿ ¾›‘ ƒÏ™Žé³. ƒ³ ŠÏ Ý‘î ¾›‘. ƒ› ì ØÒ›è, ºé€×è …èãî. ¾›‘€×¢ Ÿíé ƒÌÇÖ, Ý¹€°è Ø€ãÆ‘¥ †¤œÖ, Àíé Ø€ãÆ‘¨Å ƒ¥›è …èãî. …èþ㠝׍›€™ ãÅ ‡òé —ºÍÆ ãÅ ƒÏ™Žé³. ƒ°ò ƒ€¥þÆ —œÖÒ ¦Ì‘Ó ÌÇÖ ƒÏ™Žé³.

Ì¯À€î:
þœ‘ÝÑ ‘Ò Ì¯À€î Þ¹° »íº‘¨, µ‘Æ™Ñ ‘Ò´±Ö Ï¥ò ºé¿º³ þº‘òé צ״±Ö ‹Ñ Ì¯À€î ª¥¿ºª¨èã³. Ì¯À€îÇñè ðÓÖ ¸€Ý¹°Ú¥ò µÅ ¯¬Ö º¨×³ ˜¥ þ‘½ÌÃÅ, À‘¥ À‘䀍ÉÅ°‘ò. °í¨´³ œ›° À‘Ö. ƒ¹° œ›° À‘Ö ƒ€œ, µ‘ª¦Æ œ‘´±Ì ãڍ晐 ˆí麦 ª¥¿ ºª¨èã³. ‡›ŽÏ¹³ º‘¦î‘ÕÅ ŠÓ ŠþÌ À‘±Í ƒÏ™Å! ƒ¹° ª¦¥´±ò ÏŽþÒþÆ ãÅ þº‘òé º±ÇÖ °¯­€Ì ª¦´ þ°™Ž بבэã‘Å. À‘ÓÖ þÀ㙍ª¨ ŠþÌ À‘±Í ƒÏ¿º°í ƒ³°‘ò ‘Ì«Å ‡òì ƒ€œ°Áâ ØíºòîÑ Ÿ¹°þÌœî‘Ñ —œ‘ÖÕבÑ.

€Ò™˜¥Å:
Ì¯À€îÇò ŠÏ º± €Ò™˜¥À‘Å. ƒ°ò ×ÞÆ‘þ× µ‘Å ˜¥ þ‘½ÌÅ, À‘¥À‘䀍ÇÕÅ ˆê™ ‘« æÉÅ. ƒ™€Ò™˜¥Å ƒÌ‘óÌ‘ó þœ‘Ýò €Ò™˜¥Å ‡î €Ý™¿º¨Žé³. °¤€œ À‘ת¥Å Ãà׳Š…èã þœ‘Ýэ‘Ò þ‘Ø֍äÖ €°¹°×í€é —°‘´³ ƒ™€Ò™˜¥Å …Ïבî³. ƒ³ …Ïב ™‘Ò À‘ת¥ ‚ª´ °€Ò×Ì‘ ƒÏ¹° ¦.þ. ºÝ¶Æ¿ºò, —°‘.Ã. º‘øÌ —°‘¯€¥À‘ò, ƒÌ‘À¢œ¹±Ì º´°Ñ ðÓþÆ‘þÌ ‘Ì«Ñ´°‘™è. ƒ›èã íº´ —°‘±äÖ Á¿ —ºÍÆ »ÌÅÀ‘, ƒÌ¯¥‘Å ƒÌ‘œÌ‘œò íºÅ, óœÅ‘Ì ÄÑ´±, Øö®, ½´°Ñ, À‘ÙÌÑ, ËÆî‘Ñ, œ¿°À‘°Ñè, »õ‘¥îÑ, þº‘òé íº›è À降 æƑ°€×. ŠÏ º±, Á¿—ºÍÆ À‘ÓÖ ‰Å—º‘ò íº´ —°‘±è €×™¿ºª¨èãî. ƒ×íêÖ þœ‘Ýэ‘Ò —œ¿½´ ±ÏþÀïäò €×¯«´€°¿ º‘Ñ´³ ̝™‘° À™þã Ž€¥Æ‘³. ƒÅÀ‘Óò µ¨þ× œÒ€×™ ÖÒ‘Ö —œ³™¿ºª¥ œÌþº‘ó’Çò Å¼ÌÀ‘î €Ò ×Ñ¢ÌÀ‘ €À™¿ºª¨èã³.

œÌø×± À‘Ö
Æ‘€î™ ª¨Å ª¨´°ê™ ‡±þÌ œÌø×± À‘Ö ƒÏ™Žé³. þœ‘ÝÑ ‘Ò´±Ö …¯¥‘™¿ºª¥ 'œÌø×± º¯¥‘ÌÅ' ‡òé ¸–Ö ¶€ÒÆþÀ »òîÑ ×¹° ÀÌ‘ª¦ÆÑ ã‘Ö —œà€Àº¨´°¿ºª¥³ ‡òì ‚ËבãÑ þ×®þ‘º‘Ö —°ÍØ™Žé‘Ñ. ðÓÖ µÅ€À ×Ìþ×íº³ ÀÌ‘ª¦ÆÑ ‘Ò ‹ØÆÀ‘î œÌø×±. …èþã ¸€Ý¹°Ú¥ò ƒÌ‘ÀÑ ºª¥‘ »þõ ‹ØÆÅ. ×Ò³ º™Å …è㠁€éÇÖ ƒÏ¿º€× €î´³Å œÌþº‘ó’Çò þœÁ¿½. 18Å ¸–í鑯¨ ‹ØÆ›è, ¸–íè, þ°œ¿º¥›è, Ì‘±è, ÀÌ‘ª¦Æ —À‘ÞÇÖ …èã Ì‘À‘Æ«Å, —°Õ› Ì‘À‘ƫŠðÓÆ€×. ƒ¥³ ½é´±Ö œÌþº‘ó’Æ‘Ö —°‘™¿ºª¥ ºÒ —À‘Þ ½´°›è ƒ³°ØÌ ×¥—À‘Þ, °Áâ, —°Õ›, ÀÌ‘ª¦Æ ‹€Ò¢Ÿ×¦è ‚ÇÌ™«™ŽÖ …èãî. ×íêÓϹ³ ºÒ×í€é þ°ÑÚ —œË³ ½´°›ã‘ œÌø×± À‘Ö ¸–Ö ¶€ÒÆÅ —×äǪ¨ ×ÏŽé³. 16,000 ‹€Ò¢Ÿ×¦ã‘ÚÅ, 24,000 ‘Ž°¢ Ÿ×¦ã‘ÚÅ …èãî.

°Ñº‘Ñ ù‘Ö:
°¤€œÇò °Ñº‘Ñ ù‘Ö, À³€Ì µ‘Æ™Ñ À‘Óò êÆ þ°‘íéÅ þº‘Ò ‘«¿ º¨Žé³. ÌœÑ ÀÏÅ ƒ¥´±ò »ò½éÅ ×‘ó’ ÍÆ‘œî´±Ö Àѹ±Ï™Å þ°‘íéÅ ×€ÌÆ¿ºª¨èã³. À¹±Í»Ì°‘ïè, º€¥ÇîÑ, ðÓþÆ‘Ñ ƒÏ™Å ƒ¥Å Ý‘ ‘«¿º¨Žé³. °Ñº‘Ñ ù‘Óò ƒ¥, ×Ò¿½é À‘¥›äÖ Ì‘¬è/—º¯è ƒÏ¹³ —‘¯¨ Ìœ€×Çò ¶â¢è ‘®Å ƒ¥›è Ý‘ €À™¿ ºª¨èãî.

Ì¯À€îÇò €ÀÆ¿ º±ÇÖ ˜¥ þ‘½ÌÅ ƒÏ™Žé³. ‡ª¥¨™ …èã þ‘½Ì צØÒ‘î À‘¦ €À¿½ þÀþÒ þº‘¿ þº‘ Ø¹³ —‘¯þ¥ —œÖŽé³. ƒ°ò þÀÓϹ³ 10 Ž.Â. ×€Ì —°äב º‘Ñ™ æŽé³. ƒ³ þº‘Òþ× À‘¥›è …èã À‘䀍ÉÅ þÀþÒ ˆì×°í‘î º¦™ª¨ €À¿½Å Ý‘ÚÅ, ª¥¥ —°‘Þí ¸ªº´€°™ ‘ª¨×°‘ÚÅ €À¹³èã³. ƒ°í¨´³ ŽÝ™ בœÖ ×ÏÅ ×Þ€ÆÉÅ, Ì‘ó‘ …ÆѶ€Ò¿ºèä, ¼ª¥Ñø …ÆѶ€Ò¿ ºèäÉÅ, ±¥ÖæŠ؀ãÆ‘ª¨ €À°‘æÅ þ‘ª€¥™èþ㠁ݍ‘ €À™¿ºª¨èãî. Ì‘ó‘ …ÆѶ€Ò¿ ºèäÇò þÀÖ º±. Ì¯À€î À‘¥´±Ö ¶òì —‘¯¨ Ø€ãÆ‘ª¨™€ã ‘«™˜¦Æ Ý‘î ª¥¥™ €Ò.

¼Ì›Ž þÀ¨:
þ‘ª€¥ÇÓϹ³ —×äþÆ —œÖװ퍑î ×¥™ בœÖ, ŽÝ™ בÇÖ Ý‘ €À™¿ºª¨èã³. ŽÝ™ בœÓò ƒ¥³½éÅ …èã þÀª¦Ö ¼Ì›Ž ‘«¿º¨Žé³.°Áݍ´±Ö þ×ì ‡›þÀ ‘«Ã¦Æ‘° '¶€Ò¼Ì›Ž' ƒ› Àª¨Å°‘ò ‘«¿ º¨Žé³. ƒ°ò ãÚ Á¿—ºÍÆ ãÚ€¥Æ³. —צÀϹ€° Ãà׳Šƒ¦´³ ت¨, ¼Ì›Ž™ þÝÉèã Ž«íêÓϹ³ —צ±Í€Æ —‘ളŠ€À¿½ ‘«¿º¨Žé³.

Þ:
†€Ì¢ Ÿíê —ºÍÆ ãÚ Þ€Æ ƒòìÅ ‘«Ò‘Å. ÞÇò ŽÝ™, ×¥™, —°í º±è À¯þÀ¦ª¨ œ‘€Òè þº‘¥¿ºª¨ ت¥î. ×›€™ ãÅ, œ‘À¹°ò ãÅ, þœ×¿º µ‘Æ™ò ˆÍ, °¤€œÇÓϹ³ À‘ÍÆÅÀò þ‘ØÖ ×€Ì —œÖÕÅ ˆÍ þº‘òé€× µ‘Æ™, ÀÌ‘ª¦Æ ‘Ò ÿѶ€Ò þ°™ €À¿»ò Ý€¿ º€éœ‘íìŽòéî.

°Á⢠œ›Å:

°¤€œÇò ×¥™þ 2 Ž.Â. —°‘€ÒØÖ Ì¹°ª¥‘›¦ ƒÏ™Žé³. Ì¹€° ‡òìÅ €Ý™¿º¨Žé³. þ‘ª€¥Çò Þ€Æ ¨´³ —×äÇÖ …èã †Ñ ƒ³. ƒ› 1911 ‚Å ‚¯¨ Ì¹€° °Á⢜›Å —°‘¥›¿ºª¥³. °Áâ, °ÁÝÑ, °Áâ ƒÒ™ŽÆÅ, ƒ€œ þº‘òé×íêí ƒ¢œ›Å ºÖ×€ÇÖ º¬Æ‘íêÉèã³. ƒ°ò ×ãÑ¢™ ‘Ì«Ñ´°‘ב ƒÏ¹°×Ñ ×Ý™ê£Ñ °ÁÝþ×è …À‘ÀþŸ×Ìî‘Ñ ‚בÑ. ºÒ ‘ÒÀ‘ '°Áâ —º‘ÞÖ' ‡òé —œ¹°Áâ À‘° ƒ°€Ý ƒ¢œ›Å µ¥´± ×ÏŽé³. ½Ò×Ñ þ°ÑÚ µ¥´± ºÒ ½Ò×э€ã¢ œ›Å ÄÒÅ —×ä™ —‘¯¨ ×¹³èã³. ƒ›¿ º¬Æ‘íêÆ×эäÖ ê¿»¥´°™þ‘Ñ: Ì¹€° ØÆÌŸ þ×›¥‘œÒî‘Ñ, µ.Ã. þ×›¥œ‘Á µ‘ª¥‘Ñ, ÿ. ¹°‘Á »è€ã, þºÌ‘. º‘ÒŸ¹°ÌÅ, ×ÌÒ‘íéê£Ñ ž. þ‘ع° Ì‘œî‘Ñ Ã°ÓþÆ‘Ñ ‚×Ñ. œ›´±í ×Ì‘° °Á⠁ê£Ñþã Ž€¥Æ‘³. Ì¹€° —œ¿þºª€¥ ¯¨»¦´³ œ›Å º‘³‘´³ ×ÏŽé³. 'Ƒ⸖Ö' ¯¥ ؽґϙ …°Ø —œË³ ¸–€Ò œ›Å°‘ò —×äǪ¥³. ƒ¹± þº‘ÍÖ Ò¹³ —‘¯¥ þº‘Ì‘ª¥ ÙÌэ晐 …ì³€«Æ‘ ƒÏ¹°³. °ÁÝÑ ×ÌÒ‘íêÖ À降 æƑ³ ƒ¥´€°™ Ì¹€°´ °Á⢠œ›Å »¦´±Ï™Žé³.

ÙŽÆ ƒ¥›è:

±Ï€×Æ‘ì:
ƒÜÛÑ °¤€œÇÓϹ³ 13 Ž.Â. —°‘€ÒØÖ ‘ØÍ ¡Ý €À¹³èã³. ‘ØÍ ‰¹°‘鑍 »Í¹³ ƒÜÛÍÓϹ³ —œÖŽé³. °î‘Ö°‘ò ‰Æ‘ì ‡òì €Ý™¿º¨Žé³. ¿ºÑ, £‘îœÅº¹°Ñ ðÓÆ €œ× —ºÍƑэäò º‘¥Ö —ºíé °ÒÅ. °î‘Ö ƒ›è㠍¥Ú晐 ‰Æ‘é¿ºÑ ‡òº³ —ºÆÑ. ƒ€°þÆ »í‘Ò´±Ö º¤œ‘ºþœÑ ‡òì ×¥ —À‘ÞÇÖ —À‘Þ—ºÆÑ´³ ت¥îÑ. ƒ›èã þ‘ØÖ ‚±´° Í‘Òò ‚ªÇÖ ª¥¿ºª¥³. ƒ™þ‘ØÓÖ þœ‘ÝÑ, ¸ãźÑ, µ‘Æ™Ñ, ÀÌ‘ª¦Æ ‘Ò ª¥¥™ €ÒÇò º¬Ç€î™ ‘«Ò‘Å. ±Ï€×Æ‘ì ‚í雍€Ì À¯¥ºÅ ÖÆ‘« À‘Ö, ƒ€œ™ÖÕ–Í þº‘òé ƒ¥›äÖ ÀÌ‘ª¦ÆÑ ‘Ò ª¦¥™ €Ò€Æ ̝™Ò‘Å. ±Ï€×Æ‘íêÖ ‚ÇÌÅ ‚¯¨ ‘ÒÀ‘ 'œ¿°ø°‘îÅ' ‡òé ¶â¢ µ¥¹³ ×ÏŽé³. ±Ï€×Æ‘í€é ŸíêÉè㠱ϿºÝîÅ, ±Ï¢þœ‘íì´³€é, ±Ïþױƙ¦, ±Ï™¯¦ÊÑ, ±Ï¿¾¹³Ï´±, ±Ï—µË °‘îÅ, ±Ï€×Æ‘ì ‚ŽÆ †Ñäò ¥Úèè Šò鑍™ ˜¦ ˆà †Ñ Ÿíê ×ÏÅ Øݑב µ¥™Žé³.

±Æ‘Ì‘ó ‚Ì‘°€î:
±ÏבÐÍÖ »é¹° ±Æ‘Ì‘óÑ ±Ï€×Æ‘êÖ ×‘â¹°‘Ñ. —º‘³×‘ »Ì‘À«Ñæ™¢ œÀ‘± €×¿º³ Ž€¥Æ‘³. ƒ› ×Ï™‘î œÀ‘±€Æ €À´°×Ñ ×̳ º™€°Æ‘î —º›çÑ µ‘Ì´±îÅÀ‘è ‚×‘Ñ. ±Æ‘Ì‘ó Ñ´°€îè Ãà׳Š—°Õ› º‘¥Öã‘Ö ‚î³. ‚î‘Ö ×Ñ º‘¥ÖäÖ €Æ‘¯¥ ƒ€œ À̽è þ°×‘ÌÅ, °Áݍ µ‘ª¨¿ º‘¥ÖäÖ …èã×íêÓϹ³ —ºíêÏ™Žé‘Ñ ‡òº€° º¯«‘Ì‘Ë¢ Ø´°Ñ Ÿ¹°þÌœî‘Ñ; œÌŸ×± À‘Ö —°Õ› ½Ò×Ñ Øø×µ‘°ò ðÓþÆ‘Ñ ‚̑˹³ ¯¨»¦´³èãîÑ. þÀÕÅ ±Æ‘Ì‘œÍò —°Õ› º‘¥Ö€ã ‚¹±ÌÑ þº‘íì׳ Ž€¥Æ‘³. ˆ—îïÖ ±Ö °Áݍ´ —°Õ› À̽ ƒÏ¿º³°‘ò ‡òì ˜é¿º¨Žé³. ‚¯¨þ°‘ìÅ ‘ØÍ™ €ÌÇÖ '±Æ‘Ì‘ó ‚Ì‘°€î'ÇÖ º¤œÌ´±î Ñ´°€î º‘¨×³ À̺‘ ƒÏ¹³ ×ÏŽé³.

°‘Ì‘ŸÌÅ:
°¤€œ, ›€ —‘¯¥ þœ‘ݽ̴±í Åºþ‘«´±í 5 Ž.Â. —°‘€ÒØÖ €À¹³èã³. Åºþ‘«´±ò ¸€ÝבÇÒ‘ ƒÜÛÑ Ø㛐Žé³. ƒ› ƒÌ¯¥‘Å ƒÌ‘œÌ‘œò ‘Ò´±Æ þ‘ØÖ Ýé ª¥¿ºª¨èã³. þ‘ØÓò Ãò½éÅ µ¹± À¯¥º´±í¿ »ò½éÅ ƒ€œ¿º¦™ª¨è é¿º‘î ÀéÇÖ ª¥¿ºª¨èãî. þ‘ÇÓò ÃòÀ¯¥º´ þ°€Ì Æ‘€îè ƒà´³¢ —œÖ׳ þº‘Ò €À™¿ºª¨èã³. ³–¬Ö ºÖÒÑ º‘¬, þœ‘ÝÑ º‘¬ ³–¯è Ý‘ צ׀À™¿ºª¨èãî. ³–¯äÖ þ×€Ò¿º‘¨ Á¹° íº´ —°‘±è ‘«™Ž€¥™Žòéî. ‹Ñ ›Ò »è€ãÆ‘Ñ, µ¹± ðÓÆî ƒÏ™Žòéî. í€ã íºÀ‘™ŽÆ »ò ×Ý×Ý¿º‘ —ÀÏþíìÅ º‘¬ »í‘Ò þœ‘ÝÑ íº›äÖ ƒÏ¿º€° ƒ›è㠍¯«¿º µ‘Æî‘Ñ €ÒÇÖ º‘Ñ™Ò‘Å. œÌºÄÑ´± €Ò, Ó›þ‘´ºÑ, °ª«‘ÄÑ´± þº‘òé€× ‘«´°™€×. ƒ³ °ØÌ —ºÍÆ ½Ì‘«™ ‘ªè ×Ò¿½éÅ, ƒ¥¿½é בÇí °Ú™ ÏŽÖ Ý‘ —œ³™¿ºª¨èãî. »Ì‘Ì›äò â º±ÇÖ ƒÌ‘À‘Æ«™ ‘ª Ý¥ò צ™¿ºª¨èã³. ƒ¥³½é Ä€ãÇÖ ºÖþ×ì Ø°À‘î Ö œòî֍€ã™ ‘«Ò‘Å. °ò â½éÅ, 4 …¥Ö ŠÏ °€ÒÉèã —º¯¬ò µ¥îÅ, Ñ»¬¿ —º¯¬ò µ€¥ ðÓÆ íº›è ‘«´°™î. ØÖ× ÀÌ´°¦ÇÖ â Æ‘€î- ‘€ã €Ò …èã³. ƒ±Ö °€Ò€Æ À€é´°‘Ö Šòì Àíé°‘Å ع€°€Æ™ ‘«Ò‘Å. °í þÀÕèã º¦™ª¦Ö ˆê¿º‘Ñ´°‘Ö 63 µ‘ÆòÀ‘эäò €ÒæÅ Ÿ×ÍÖ ½€¥¿½¢ íºÀ‘ —œ³™¿ºª¨ ™‘Ò °Á⠇ള™äÖ ŠÜ—בÏ×Ï€¥Æ ב♀ ×ÌÒ‘ìÅ þÝ ×¦™¿ºª¨èãî. ƒ¢íº›€ã ŠþÌ þµÑ™þ‘ª¦Ö º‘Ñ™Å þº‘³ ºÌלŠˆíº¨×³ ƒÆÖ½. ƒ°î‘Ö°‘þî‘ °‘Ì‘ŸÌ´€° 'íº™€Òäò ˜¥Å' ‡òì €Ý™ŽòéîÑ.

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¿ºÑ, £‘îœÅº¹°Ì‘Ö º‘¥¿—ºíé º€ÝÆ µÌÅ. ƒÜÛ€Ì þ°×‘ÌÅ ¥Ä™, ¥¹€° âþ‘ª¥Å ‡òì €Ý™Žé³. ƒ› Åþºø×ÌÑ, µ‘þø×ÌÑ þº‘òé €œ×™ þ‘Ø֍æÅ, œ™Ìº‘¬, œ‘Ì›º‘¬, ƒÌ‘Àœ‘Á™ þ‘ØÖ Ã°ÓÆ €×«×™ þ‘Ç֍æÅ ƒÏ™Žòéî. Ãòï̯¨Å À›ã‘œ‘œîÅ —œËÆ¿ºª¥€×. €×«×эäò 108 ±Ï¿º±äÖ ƒÜÛÏÅ Šò鑐Å. ¥¹€° œ‘Ì›º‘¬™ þ‘ØÓÖ þ‘½Ì¢ íº›æÅ, ºÌ°µ‘ª¦Æ´€° …«Ñ´³Å 108 Ì«¢ íº›æÅ þ°ÏÅ ‘«´°™€×. ƒÌ‘Àœ‘Á™ þ‘ØÖ ƒÌµ‘° µ‘Æ™ò ±Ï¿º¬ —ºíé³. ÀòîÍò Ý‘î €Ò€Æ ƒ›þ ‘«Ò‘Å. ƒ³ °ØÌ —‘¦¿ —º¯; »Ì‘Ì´±Ö …è㠃̑ÀÆ« ‹ØÆÅ ƒ€×ÉÅ ‘«´°™€×. ±Ïµ‘þŸ×ÌÑ þ‘ØþÒ ºÝ€À ב˹°³. »Ì‘Ì´±Ö …èã þœ‘Ý Ìœ, Ìäò €Ò …ÇÑ—ºíé ‹ØÆÅ þº‘Ò ¯Ãò þ°‘òìÅ Ý€ ØÆ™‘°×Ñ ƒÖ€Ò.

ºª§ø×ÌÅ:
°‘Ì‘ŸÌ´±ÓϹ³ 5 Ž.Â. —°‘€ÒØÖ ºª§ø×ÌÅ …èã³. þœ‘ÝÍò Ï×€é ƒÏ¹° º€ÝÆ‘€é™ ƒ³ ÏŽÖ ƒÏ™Žé³. þ‘ØÖ ºÒ Ÿí왍€ã™ —‘¯¥ —ºÍÆ þ‘ØÖ. þœ‘ÝÑ ‘Ò ³Ñ™€€Æ ƒ› ‘«Ò‘Å. µ‘Æ™Ñ ‘Ò ‹ØÆ›€ã™ ‘«Ò‘Å. µ‘Æ™Íò »Ì°‘ï. þ‘ع° ²ªœ°Íò €Ò ƒ›èã³.

Ÿ×‘ÁÀ€Ò:
°¤€œÇÓϹ³ 30 Ž.Â. —°‘€ÒØÖ ƒÏ™Žé³. Ãύò ±Ï´°ÒÀ‘ ƒÏ¹³ ×ÏŽé³. ƒ›ŽÏ¹³ 2 Ž.Â. —°‘€ÒØÖ ±Ï×Ò¤ŸÞ …èã³. ƒ› ÄÒ×þÌ «º±°‘ò. ƒ¿—ºÍÆ þ‘ØÓÖ 17Å ¸–í鑯¨ ‹ØÆ›€ã™ ‘«Ò‘Å.

±Ï½×îÅ:
ƒ³ °¤€œÇÓϹ³ 44 Ž.Â. —°‘€ÒØÖ €À¹³èã³. ƒ³ þÒ‘´³› þœ‘Ýïò ±Ï¿º¬. ±ÏØ€¥ Àϳ–Ñ: ¥¹€°™ ƒÜÛÑ ÏŽÖ …èã³. ƒ› µ‘Æ™Ñ ‘Ò ±Ï¿º¬€Æ™ ‘«Ò‘Å. Ÿ€° íº›è, ‹ØÆ›è, þº‘òé€×ÉÅ, Ù± ÝÅ ‘«´°™€×. ±Ï¿ºî¹°‘晐 ÏŽÖ …èã À‘î‘ź‘¦ÇÖ þœ‘Ýэ‘Ò þ‘ØÓÖ í½°À‘î íº›è …èã³. ƒ³þº‘Òþ× °¤€œ™ ÏŽÖ …èã ºŸº± þ‘ØÕ™ ÏŽÖ …èã ½èãÀ›€ÇÖ Ãí‘Ò þœ‘Ýэäò íº›€ã™ ‘«Ò‘Å.

Àþî‘Ì‘:
ƒ³ œÌþº‘ó’ ‘Ò´±Ö ª¥¿ºª¥ þ‘ª€¥Æ‘Å. Áî‘Ñ ‡òñÅ ÃøÔÅ º‘¬ …Æѹ° þ‘½ÌÅ; Þ ¡â¹³ ‘«¿º¨Å þ‘ª€¥, ¥í€Ì ÏŽÖ …èã³. þœ³º‘ב œ´±Ì´±ÓϹ³ 5 Ž.Â. —°‘€ÒØÖ …èã³. é¹° ŸíìÒ‘´ °ÒÀ‘Å. ƒ™þ‘ª€¥Éè ‚›ŽÒÅ, °Áâ, ÀÌ‘ª¦Æ —À‘ލäÖ …è㠍֗ת¨ ˜ìŽé³: Œ»—̤Ÿ Ìœò þº‘îºÑªþ¥€× ‚›ŽþÒÆÑ —×ò逰 ê™Å ÍÀ‘ ª¥¿ ºª¥°‘ ˜ìŽé³.

þ×㑯€À:

2000 ‚¯¨ ‘ÒÀ‘ °¤€œ À‘ת¥´³ À™è þ×㑯€À€Æ é¿º‘ —œË³ ×Ï×€° ƒÒ™ŽÆ›è þºŸŽòéî. ÖÒ€« Šòþé ƒ°í‘î œ‘ò鑐Å. "þœ‘ݵ‘¨ þœ‘쀥´³" ‡òé ˜íì ƒ°î‘Ö°‘ò …Ïבî³. ƒòìÅ °¤€œ°‘ò °Áⵑª¦ò —µíã¤ÆÀ‘ ±âŽé³. Äòì þº‘Å ؀㹳 ×¹° °¤€œ, ƒòì ‘ØÍ ÿÑ €é¿º‘Ö 2 þº‘þÀ µ¥¹³ ×ÏŽé³. °¤€œ À‘ת¥´±ò Á¿ —ºÍÆ —°‘ÞÒ‘ Øל‘ÆþÀ ƒÏ¹³ ×ÏŽé³. Øל‘Æ´±ò œ‘º¦ ºÌ¿½: 2,56,247 —ù™—¥Ñ. ƒ±Ö —µÖ œ‘º¦ Àª¨Å 2,29,079 —ù™þ¥Ñ. Øל‘Æ´€° Àª¨Å œ‘ѹ±Ï¿þº‘Ñ 4,70,735 þºÑè. …íº´±Æ‘Å —µÖ€Ò þœÁ™ …°ÚÅ Á¿ —ºÏÅ Ž¥›è ¹°¹° º±ÇÖ ª¥¿ºª¨èãî. ƒ³°ØÌ ÅÀò þºª€¥ÇÖ …èã µÙî Í ‚€ÒÇò ÄÒÅ ÍÆ‘ À‘í鿺¨Žé³.

þ×㑯€À ‚ËÚ ¶ì×è:
—µÖ Ø€°Çò °ÌÅ, þµÑ´± ƒ×í€é ‚ËÚ —œËÉÅ ¶ì×€ã ‚¨³€é, ºª¨™þ‘ª€¥, ŠÌ´°µ‘¨ ðÓÆ ƒ¥›äÖ ÌŸ ¶ìØÉèã³. —µÖ€Ò´ °ØÌ ×‘€Ý 4784 —ù™þ¥Ñ ºÌ¿ºãØÕÅ, ÏŽ 9013 —ù™þ¥ÍÕÅ, ºÏ´± 1585 —ù™þ¥ÍÕŠ؀ãŽé³.

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—°‘ÞÖ ×ãÑ¢:
°¤€œ À‘ת¥´±Ö þ×㑯€À°‘ò ÙŽÆ´ —°‘ÞÖ. °î‘Ö þ×㑯€À€Æ œ‘ѹþ° »é —°‘Þ֍è ×ãѹ°î. ƒòìŘ¥ þ×㑯€À€Æ ¦¿º€¥Æ‘ €×´³´ —°‘ÞÖè —°‘¥› ב˿½è …èãî.

°¤€œ:
°¤œ‘ÛÍÖ ¥‘ò—¥™ø …èã‘€¥è —°‘Þ휑€Ò …€¥ þ°€×€Æ ¶€éÚ —œËŽòéî. °¤œ‘ÛÑ œÑ™€Ì ‚€Ò, —ºÖ —Àª¥Ö Êïª, „‘ò þÀ™Ž› ÓÁ—¥ª þº‘òé —°‘Þ휑€ÒæÅ, °¤€œ€Æ Ÿíê™ ‘«¿º¨Žòéî. ‘Ž° —º‘Å€À °Æ‘Í´°Ö, —Àª¦ þ×€Ò, ƒ€œ™ÏØè °Æ‘Í´°ÕŠÙŽÆ €´—°‘Þ֍è.

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ºª¨™þ‘ª€¥:
ºª¨™þ‘ª€¥€Æ¢ Ÿíê —°ò€î ¶€é¹³ ‘«¿º¨Žé³. °î‘Ö ƒ› Çì —°‘Þ휑€Ò ÀíìÅ þ°›‘Ë ‡¯—«Ë ‡¨™Å —°‘ÞÕÅ µ€¥—ºíì ×ÏŽé³. ƒÜÛÑ »ÌÍэè Ø.µ‘¦Ã´³¿»è€ã, ÝŽÍ, ºª¨™þ‘ª€¥ ÖÆ‘« Ÿ¹°ÌÅ, בþî‘Ó À‘Ìþ×Ö, µ¦Ñ ØóƐÀ‘Ñ, Ì‘þóö þº‘òé×Ñè ê¿»¥´°™×эè.

þºÌ‘Û̬:
þºÌ‘Û̬ ת¥´±Ö 85 —ºÏ› ŽÌ‘À›è …èãî. ƒÜÛэ晐¿ þºÌ‘Û̬þÆ €ÀÆÀ‘ ƒÏ¿º°‘Ö ×¬ ÙŽÆ´³×Å Á¹³ ‘«¿º¨Žé³. ºÒ ‚ÇÌÅ ˆ™ÍÖ —°òî¹ þ°‘ª¥›è ×ãѹ³ ‘¥‘ ‘ªÆ䙐Å. °î‘Ö ƒãÿÑ, þ°›‘Ë, —‘¿º€Ì, Àª€¥, þº‘òé×íêò ³€«´ —°‘Þ֍㑍, íì À¥×³, Àª€¥ÇÓϹ³ Çì ±Í´°Ö, —‘¿º€Ì, ‘Æ€×´³ þ°›‘Ë ‡¯—«Ë ‚ª¨×³ þº‘òé —°‘Þ֍è þºÌ‘Û̬€Æ¢ Ÿíê µ€¥—ºìŽé³. þ°›‘Ë ºÚ¥Ñ —œËÉÅ —°‘Þ휑€Ò …èã³. ÝÖ Øã™ŽÖ …ºþÆ‘¿º¨´°¿º¨Å ‡Ò™ªÌ‘ï™ þœ‘™ ‡òŽòé œ‘°î´€° '‹ºÖ' ‡òé —ºÆÍÖ °Æ‘Í™Å ‡ÒªþÌ‘ø¦Î™ø ‡òé ¶ì×îÅ ƒ¹±Æ ãØÖ ƒÆ›Ž ×ÏŽé³. Âò »¦ ×€Ò —œËÉÅ —°‘Þ휑€Òè ¶€é¹³èã³. ƒÜۀ̢ œ‘ѹ° —ºÏÀ™è: Ãòî‘è €À¢œÑ þ‘þ×¹°ò, ‘›ŽÌø ±Æ‘Žè €×Ì´þ°×Ñ, €×Ì×ò þœÑ€×, ÏØ™ÌÅ€º þ×Õ, Ø£Ñ ÏØ™ÌÅ€º œ¯ÃÅ, ˆ.þ. Ÿ¿€ºÆò.

±Ï€×Æ‘ì, ±Ï™‘ª¨¿ºèä:
ƒ¹° ƒÌ¯¨ †Ñ€ã …è㥙ŽÆ ŽÌ‘À›äÓϹ³ °‘ò °¤€œ™ ‘ˍê, ב€Ý ƒ€Ò, ¾, °¯¨, ‘Ë ÃÏ›€™ €Ì, ´³™€Ì, —×íê€Ò ðÓÆ€× œ¹€°™ —À‘´° ØÆ‘º‘Ì´±í —œÖŽòéî. ‘ØÍ º‘ÉÅ ƒ¿º± Á¹° ×ãÀ‘î°‘Ö ‚¯¨ Ãà׳Šþ×㑯€À —°‘¥Ñ¹³ µ¥¹³ ×ÏŽé³.

º‘ºî‘œÅ:
1910 ‚Å ‚¯¨ Ã°Ö °ïת¥À‘ ±âŽé³. ƒÜת¥´±Ö 104 —ºÍÆ ŽÌ‘À›è …èãî. ˆ¨ þ°¦Æ ˆ¹°Ö ….þ×. œ‘Áµ‘°ËÆÑ »é¹°³ ƒ›èã …´°À°‘î ½Ì´±Ö°‘ò. °ÁÞ€œ ב«Ñ ×ò »é¹°³ º‘ºµ‘œ´±Ö°‘ò. ƒÜÛÑ þ‘ØÓÖ 108 Ó››è …èãî. º‘ºµ‘œÅ, ËÆÅþºª€¥, º¯¥‘Ì×€¥ ‡òé Äòì —ºÍÆ †ÑäÕÅ ÃøÔÅ À™è —ºÏÀãØÖ ×‘â¹³ ×ÏŽòéîÑ. ƒÅÄòì †ÑäÕÅ µÖÒ ×¯¥ÖÀ¯ —‘¯¥ —œÞ¿º‘î —µÖ Ø€ãÉÅ º±è ‚Å. ƒ¿º±ÇÓϹ³ °¤€œ œ¹€°™ ±îÃÅ ¾™è ñ¿º¿ºª¨ ×ÏŽé³.

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ƒ¿º± 99 ŽÌ‘À›€ã™ —‘¯¥³. 1954 Ã°Ö °ïת¥À‘¢ —œÆÖºª¨ ×ÏŽé³. —µÖ, ÏŽ, þ×Ñ™¥€Ò þº‘òé€× œ‘º¦ —œËÆ¿º¨Žòéî. œÌþº‘ó’ ÀòîÌ‘Ö ª¥¿ºª¥ 'ÖœÚ™Å' þ×€Ò¿º‘ªþ¥‘¨ ‘«¿º¨Žé³. ƒÜۀ̢ Ÿíê …áÑ, ¯«¹°›¦, º‘¿º‘ µ‘¨, —°òîÀµ‘¨ þº‘òé€× …èãî. ê¿»ª¨¢ —œ‘ÖÒ þׯ¦Æ —ºÏÀ™è º‘¿º‘ µ‘¨ óÂò°‘Ñ, À€ÒÆ¿ºò ‰.ˆ.‡ø.; ‡Ö. þ«œò, Ãòî‘è €À¢œÑ ‡ø.¦. þœ‘ÀŸ¹°ÌÅ, þ°‘ÝÑ ×Ì‘Àò ðÓþÆ‘Ñ.

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ƒ› '‘œþµ‘Ë »Í€×' ÀÏ´³×Ñè º‘Ñ™Å —œ›Ž¿ºª¦ œ‘ïþ¥‘ÍÆÅ €À¹³èã³.

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±Ïב¨³€é À¥Å 15‚Å ¸–í鑯¦Ö þ°‘òêƳ. €œ×´€°ÉÅ, °Á€ÝÉÅ ƒÏ ¯ã‘™ —‘¯¨ —œÆÖºª¨ ×ÏŽé³. ƒ›°‘ò À‘شבò Â Ÿ¹°ÌÅ»è€ã °Áâ í»´³ ×¹°‘Ñ. ×Ï€¥Æ À‘«×þÌ ….þ×. œ‘Áµ‘°ËÆÑ. º€ÝÆ ‘Ò ÏÒ™ ÖØ Ã€éÇÖ À¥´±þÒþÆ °›Ž, …«Ú Ú¯¨ º¦´°×Ñ ….þ×.œ‘. À¥´±ò בÇÒ‘ 100™Å þÀíºª¥¸–Öè —×äÇ¥¿ºª¨èãî. ºÒ —‘€¥è ¶ì׿ºª¨èãî.

°¤€œ´ °Áâ¿ ºÖ€Ò™ ÝÅ:
°Áݍ Ìœ‘Ö 1981 ‚Å ‚¯¨ ¶ì׿ºª¥³. —À‘Þ, ƒÒ™ŽÆÅ ºíêÆ ‚ËÚè —œË³ ×í€é —×äǨ׳; Ö—ת¨ ÀíìÅ ‹€Ò¢Ÿ×¦è ×í€é ½´°À‘ —×äǨ׳; €Ò™ ã¤ÆÅ °Æ‘Í¿º³; °Áâ¿ º¯º‘ª€¥ …Ґ …«Ñ´³Å ׯ«Å ‚ËÚ; Ï›‘ªÆÅ €À´°Ö; …ҍ´ °ÁÝэæ¥ò …éÚ €À´°Ö ¹¶Æ µ‘ª¦îÑ™ °Áâ í»´°Ö ‚ŽÆ Ïź¬€ã ƒ¿ºÖ€Ò™ÝÅ ‚íê ×ÏŽé³. Á¿—ºÍÆ ¸–ҍŠƒ› €À¹³èã³. 1996 ‚Å ‚¯¨ …ҍ´ °Áâ À‘µ‘¨ ƒ› é¿º‘ µ¥´°¿ºª¥³.

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…ÝÚ´ —°‘ÞÖ ×ãÀ‘ µ¥¹°°‘Ö Àíé þµÌ›äÖ €Ò ×ãÑ×°í °¤€œ À™è Á¹° †™Å ä´°°‘Ö ƒ› ‚¥Ö, º‘¥Ö, µ‘¥Å, ÖØ, €Ò, €´ —°‘Þ֍è, µ‘ª¨¿½é™€Òè ðÓÆ€× —ºÏÀãÚ ×ãѹ³ ƒòì °ÁݍŠÃà×°íÀ‘î €Ò£Ñ€ã ä´³èã³.

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°¤€œ, ¥¹€°, À‘îź‘¦, °‘Ì‘ŸÌÅ, ±ÏØ€¥Àϳ–Ñ, ½èãÀ›€, ±Ï€×Æ‘ì ðÓÆ ƒ¥›äÖ þ‘Ø֍ª¥¥™ €Ò, íº™€Ò, ‹ØÆ™€Ò ðÓÆ€× —ºÏÀãÚ ×ãѹ³è〰 ƒ› ‘«Ò‘Å.

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°ÁÞ€œ ÃÅÄÑ´±ã‘î Ï«‘œÒ ØÌ‘ÆÑ (1711-78) ô³´ °‘¯¥×Ñ (1560-1670); À‘Íô°‘¿»è€ã (1712-87) »é¹°³ º€ÝÆ þœ‘Ý À¯¥ÒÅ°‘ò. —°Õ›Ž€œ ÃÅÄÑ´±ã‘î ±Æ‘Ì‘ó Ÿ×‘Áè (1767-1847); ô³œ‘Á ²ªœ°Ñ (1775-1834), Æ‘À‘ œ‘ø±Íè (1762-1827) ƒ×Ñè »é¹°³ þœ‘ÝÀ¯¥ÒÅ°‘ò. —°Õ›Ž€œ ‡Ü×‘ì °ÁÞ€œ€Æ ¿ºª¥À‘™ ×ѹ³ ×ãѹ°³ ‡òº€°ÉÅ, ÜØ€œ™ ƒ€œ ƒÒ™«Å œÍÆ‘ €ÀÆØÖ€Ò ‡òº€°ÉÅ ¯¦»¦´° ‚»Ì‘Å º¯¦°Ñ ƒÆíêÆ 'Ï«‘ÁÏ°œ‘ÌÅ' °¤€œÇÖ °‘ò …Ïבî³. 'Ƒ⸖Ö' ƒÆíêÆ Ø½Ò‘î¹°Ñ ¹¸–€Ò °¤€œ —‘èã‘Ž´³–ÍÖ °‘ò Ì›þíêî‘Ñ. º±¿»´°³ Ì¹€° °Á⢠œ›Å. ƒ³ °ØÌ ×‘Ë¿º‘ª¦Ö ×ÖÒ×эæÅ ƒ›°‘ò þ°‘òêî‘эè. °ÁÞ€œ¢ Ï؍ã‘î µ‘°ŸÌÅ, °ØÖ, ÁÏ°›Å, Ù€« ðÓÆî ƒ› —œËÆ¿º¨Žòéî. µ‘°ŸÌ œ™Ì×Ñ´± ±Ïב¨³€é ƒÌ‘óÌ´±îÅ, ±ÏØ€¥Àϳ–Ñ ÙÌ‘œ‘Á»è€ã, ×Ò›€ À‘ò œ¯ÃŸ¹°ÌŠðÓþÆ‘Ñ œ‘°€îÆ‘ãэè. »¦Ö ƒÌ‘óÀ‘¬™Å »è€ã ½â ב˹´ €Ò£Ñ. ×ÆÓ€î Ñµ‘¥ ƒ€œÇÖ ºÆòº¨´±Æ×Ñ °¤€œ µ‘Ö×эäÖ ŠÏ×Ì‘î צþ×Ö»è€ã ‚בÑ. ‚›ŽþÒÆ þº¯ª ב´±ÆÃÅ ƒ›°‘ò ðòðÓÖ µÅÄÑ ØÝ‘ØÖ ×‘™ ‚ÌÅ»´°îÑ. Ù€« °îÅÀ‘è, °‘˜Ñ Ãò½ ב´³¿ ½â —ºíé×Ñ.

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