°¤€œ À‘ת¥´±ÓϹ³ »Í´³, ±ÏבÐÑ À‘ª¥Å 1996 ‚Å ‚¯¨ …Ïב™¿ºª¥³. °¤œ‘ÛÑ ÀíìÅ µ‘¿ºª¦îÅ À‘ת¥›äò Ò º±€ã Šòꀫ´³ ƒÅÀ‘ת¥Å …¯¥‘™¿ºª¥þº‘³ ˆ.¦.ºòðÑ —œÖ×Å À‘ת¥Å ‡òþé €Ý™¿ºª¥³. »òîÑ 1998ƒÖ °Áݍ Ìò ‚€«€Æ —°‘¥Ñ¹³, À‘ת¥´ °€ÒµÌ‘î ±ÏבÐÍò —ºÆÍþÒþÆ ×Ý›¿º¨Žé³.

±ÏבÐÑ À‘ת¥ ŠòêÆ›è:
±ÏבÐÑ, ±Ï´³€é¿¾¯¦, ô³¿þºª€¥, þ‘ª©Ñ, Àòî‘ѐ¦, ÿ¥‘À›ÒÅ, ×Ò›€À‘ò, —‘Ì¥‘¢þœÍ, ¥×‘œÖ.

œª¥Àòé´ —°‘±è:
±ÏבÐÑ, ±Ï´³€é¿¾¯¦, Àòî‘ѐ¦, ×Ò›€À‘ò

ÖØ ¶€ÒÆ›è:

×Þº‘ª¦¥›è:
±ÏבÐÑ, Àòî‘ѐ¦, ±Ï¢—œ›ª¥‘ò¦, ±Ï™¯«½ÌÅ, ‡¯‘ò, ×Ò›€À‘ò.

ŸíìÒ‘Ç¥›è:
±ÏבÐÑ, Àòî‘ѐ¦.

À‘ת¥ ÙŽÆ »ÌÍэè:
Àñÿ±þœ‘Ýò, ±Æ‘ËÆÑ, ô³œ‘Á ²ªœ°Ñ, œ‘À‘ œ‘ø´±Í, ±ÏבÐÑ µþ¥œ µ‘Æ‘ÌÑ, ±ÏÀÏÖ ¦.Ø.µÀ¢×‘ÆÅ, ×Ò›€ œ¯ÃŸ¹°ÌŠðÓÆ ½â—ºíé ƒ€œ™€Ò£ÑæÅ, ±Ï.Ø.., ˆ.¦.ºòðÑ —œÖ×Å, ðÖ×Ñ Ï«‘¶±, ±ÏבÐÑ °›Ì‘Ÿ, ‚ÐÑ°‘ø, Àò€î µ‘Ì‘Æ«œ‘Á, þ‘ª©Ñ Ì›œ‘Á ðÓÆ‘Ñ, ×¥º‘±À›ÒÅ ‚ÐÌ‘ò, œ™Ì ‚€Ò ±Æ‘Ì‘ó ðÓÆ‘Ñ, ¹°œ‘Á, þ.º‘Òœ¹°Ñ, —µ¨¤—œÞÆò ðÓþÆ‘Ñ ƒÅÀ‘ת¥´±ò ÙŽÆ¿ »ÌÍэè.

×ÌÒ‘íêÖ ±ÏבÐÑ:
º¯€¥Æ °Áⵑª¦ò º±Æ‘ŽÆ þœ‘Ý À¯¥Ò´±ò ŠÏº±þÆ ±ÏבÐÑ ×ª¥À‘Å. Í‘Òò Ž.». 50 Ã°Ö 95 ×€Ì ‚¯¥°‘ ×ÌÒ‘í鑝ÍÆÑè —°ÍØ™ŽòéîÑ. Í‘Òñ™Å Ãíºª¥ ½Ì‘« ‘Ò¢ þœ‘Ýэã‘î ߐ¹°ò, ½é‘Ú™‘ °ò œ€°€Æ ì´³™ —‘¨´° »¢œ™Ì×Ñ´±, ò왍‘ À€î™ —‘òé Àñÿ±¯¥ þœ‘Ýò Ä×ÏŠב⹰ ƒ¥À‘ ˜é¿º¨Å ƒ¥Å ±ÏבÐÑ ‚Å. ±ÏבЀÌÉÅ ±Æ‘Ì‘œÑ þ‘ÇÕÅ »Í´³ ×ÌÒ‘þé ‡à°Ã¦Æ‘³. ‘ØÍ ‚íêò ×ãÀ‘î ׯ¥Öº±€Æ …è㥙ŽÆ³ ±ÏבÐÑ ×ª¥Å. þœ‘Ý ÌœÑè 桪¦™ —‘èæÅ ‰¹³ †Ñæè ƒ³ÚÅ Šòì. (Àíé †Ñè: ‘ØÍ¿¾Åºª¦îÅ, …€éÊÑ, —œË£Õ–Ñ, ÏÛÑ).

* ‚ì ×´°€Ò ØÌ‘¥ ½Ï¥ïò ‚ì ‚°‘Ì›è ‡òì þº‘íì׳ €œ×À̽. ÅÀéÇÖ ±ÏבÐÑ ÄÒ‘°‘Ì´°ÒÅ.

* ‰Å¾°´ °Ò›äÖ ±ÏבÐÑ »Ï±Ø´°ÒÀ‘Å.

* ÄÑ´±, °ÒÅ, ²Ñ´°Å ‡òé Äòé‘ÕÅ é¹³ Ø㛐¹°ÒÅ ±ÏבÐÑ.

* ˆà Ø¥›Ñ °Ò´±Ö Àíé °Ò›è ¡Ý µ¨ØÖ …èã³ ±ÏבÐÑ.

±Æ‘Ì‘œÑ þ‘Çí é¿½è:
ƒÜÛÑ´ ±Æ‘Ì‘œÑ þ‘ÇÖ ƒ¹±Æ‘ØÕèã Á¿—ºÍÆ þ‘Ç֍æè Šòì.
þ‘ÇÖ ‰¹³ þ×Ó
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‹€¥ ‰¹³ þ×Ó ‡òé ºÝ—À‘Þ ÄÒÅ ƒ°ò é¿€º …«ÌÒ‘Å. (‰¹³ þ×Ó - 1000 ¦ ÿãÅ 700 ¦ ÒÅ) ƒ´°Ò´±ò þ‘ÇÖ, ÀÒ‘ÒÆ™ ãÅ, ƒ€é×ñ™¢ œ‘Ñ´°¿—ºìÅ —œ›àÿÑ ÀÒþÌ‘€¥ ƒ€× ŠÜ—בòìÅ ‰¹³þ×Ó ºÌ¿½€¥Æ³.

ðґŠ‚±´°ò (Ž.». 871-907) ‘Ò™ Ö—ת¨ Ã°Ö 19 ‚Å ¸–í鑯¦Ö ב⹰ ÀÌ‘´±Æ ÀòîÑ œÌþº‘ó’ ‘ÒÅ ×€ÌÇÒ‘î Ö—×ª¨™è ‘«¿º¨Žòéî. Ãí‘Ò þœ‘ÝÑè ‚ªÇÖ ª¥¿ºª¦Ï™Ò‘Å ‡òé Ï´þ° ×ÓÚ —ºíêÏ™Žé³.

±Ï£‘îœÅº¹°Ñ, ¿ºÑ, Ÿ¹°ÌÑ, À‘¬™×‘œÑ ‚ŽÆ µ‘Ö×Ì‘ÕÅ º‘¥¿—ºíé³ ±ÏבÐÑ. 330 þ°×‘Ì¿º‘¥ÖæÅ, ±Ïבœ¿ º‘¥ÖæÅ …èãî. ƒ³ °ØÌ ±ÏØ€œ¿º‘, ±Ï¿ºÖÒ‘¯¨, —ºÍƽ̑«Å, ºòïÏ ±ÏÀéäÕÅ þº‘í鿺ª¨èã³.

Ï«ŽÍµ‘°Ñ, —°Õ›Ž€œ ÃÅÄÑ´±è, Ç€Ò £‘̍‘œÑ, Ï£‘îœÅº¹°Ñ, ƒÌª€¥¿½Ò×эè, ¹°™¯ ÙÌÌ‘× ðÓÆ‘Ñ, ÀÌ‘ª¦Æ ÀòîÑ œ‘ó’, ×èãÒ‘Ñ Ã°ÓþÆ‘Ì‘ÕÅ, °Áâ, —°Õ›, ÀÌ‘ª¦, œÅøŽÏ° ƒÒ™ŽÆ›äÕÅ ƒÜۀ̿ºíê º‘¥¿ºª¨èãî.

63 µ‘ÆòÀ‘эäÖ ƒÏº´³ Ä×Ï™´ —°‘¥Ñ½€¥Æ °ÒÀ‘Å. ƒÜבÒÆÅ þ‘Ç֍äò ˜¥‘ÌÅ. 9 Ì‘óþ‘½Ì›è, 80 ØÀ‘è, 12 —ºÍÆ À±Öè, 13 À¯¥º›è, 15 ²Ñ´°™ Ž«ìè, 3 µ¹°×è, 3 —ºÍÆ »Ì‘Ì›è, 100-™Å þÀíºª¥ œòî±è ‚ŽÆ×íì¥ò ƒ´±Ï™þ‘ÇÖ »ÌÅÀ‘¯¥À‘¿ ºÌ¹³ Ø͹³ é¿º‘ €À¹³èã³.

Ïª±Ï ±Æ‘Ì‘óœ‘Á Ï×€é ØÀ‘î´³™ °›´°¨ þº‘Ñ´±Æ ðґŠƒÌ‘þó¹±Ìò ¥Ãà™Å —œËØ´°°‘ ƒ™þ‘ÇÓò Ö—ת¨ ˜ìŽé³. ƒ™þ‘ÇÓò Ì‘óþ‘½ÌÅ Äòé‘Å þÒ‘´³›î‘Ö ª¥¿ºª¥—°òì ±Ï½×îÅ Ö—ת¨ ê¿»¨Žé³.

ƒÌ¯¥‘Å ƒÌ‘ó‘±Ì‘óò —ºÍÆ þ‘½Ì´€°ÉÅ œº‘º± À¯¥º´€°ÉÅ ª¦î‘ò. ƒÌ¯¥‘Å ƒÌ‘þó¹±Ìò ٱإ›Ñ ‡à¹°ÏäÉè㠍Ͽº™ ŽÏ´€°ÉÅ, ×òµ‘°Ñ Ï×€é€ÆÉÅ —º‘òþ×˹°‘ò ‡òº³Å, ±ÏÃ€é ‚ÍÆэäò ±Ïµ‘ª€ã™ —‘¯¥‘¥ ˆíº‘¨è —œËÆ¿ºª¦Ï¹°î ‡òº³Å, ±ÏØ㙐¿ º¬™‘ÚÅ ¾€œ ðÓÆ×í왍‘ÚÅ þœ‘Ý ÀòîÑ ¶ÒÅ ä´°îÑ ‡òº³Å ƒ›è㠍֗ת¨™ã‘Ö —°ÍÆ ×ÏŽé³.

ƒ™þ‘ÇÓÕèã ‚ÇÌ›‘Ö À¯¥ºÅ, Ö³–¯€ã Àª¨þÀ …€¥Æ³. ØÝ‘™äòþº‘³ ×íêò ³ º¹°Ö €À´³™ —‘è×Ñ. ƒÅÀ¯¥º´€° þœ™ŽÝ‘Ñ º‘¦Éèã‘Ñ. ¯§œÑ ƒÏ™Á¥´±Ö ‡Àò ƒÏ¿º³Å ¶òé ¶€ÒÇÖ µ¹± €À¹±Ï¿º³Å ƒ™þ‘ÇÓò »é é¿½ã‘Å. ƒ™þ‘ÇÓÕè㠱ƑÌ‘œÏ€¥Æ 'œº‘ µ¥îÅ' ƒÜÛÑ´ ±ÏØÝ‘™äÖ é¿º‘ µ€¥—ºìŽé³. Àñÿ±¢ þœ‘Ýò €°, ÝŽÆ Ö ´±ÌÀ‘™ €Ý™ þ‘½Ì בÇÒÏþ ‘«¿º¨Žé³. Ÿ¹°ÌÍò À€îØÆÌ‘î ºÌ€×Æ‘Ñ »é¹° †Ñ ƒ³þ×. ºÌ€× µ‘¢Æ‘Ï™—î ±Æ‘Ì‘œÑ þ‘ÇÖ —°í™ þ‘½Ì´±ò —°ò½é´±Ö °ï ‚ÒÆÅ …èã³. °¯¥º‘¬™ þ‘ÇÖ, ƒÌ‘ó³Ñ€ þ‘ÇÖ, À‘¬™ µ‘¢Æ‘Ñ þ‘ÇÖ, ±ÏבÐÑ¿ ºÌ€×ɯ À¯¥Ó ðÓÆî ƒÜÛÍÖ ‘«´°™€×.

ƒ™þ‘ÇÓÕèã þ°×‘ÍÆ À¯¥º´±Ö°‘ò Ÿ¹°ÌÏ€¥Æ ±Ï´—°‘¯¥´ —°‘€€Æ ƒÆí鿺ª¥°‘ ˜ì×Ñ.

64 œ™± ¼¥›äÖ ±ÏבÐÑ Ã™ŽÆÀ‘î †Ñ. ƒ™þ‘ÇÓÖ £‘±Æ‘ÚÅ (ÀÒ‘Å»€), ŽÍÆ‘ œ™±Æ‘ÚÅ (ÿþÒ‘´ºÒ‘ź‘è), ƒ¢œ‘œ™±Æ‘ÚÅ (—‘¯¦) ×¦Ú —‘¯¨ Ïè ½ÍŽé‘è.

ƒ™þ‘ÇÓÖ …è㠝´²ø×ÌÅ, þÀ°‘ °ª«‘ÄÑ´± œòî±ÇÖ °ÏÀ½Ì ‚²î ¶ì×îÑ …ºþ°œÅ —ºíé°‘ Ï°¿º¨Žé³. 17 ‚Å ¸–í鑯¦Ö °¤€œ€Æ ‚¯¥ Àòîò œ‘ó’ ±ÏבÐÑ ±Æ‘Ì‘óÑ Â³ °ÁÞÖ ºÒ ¸–ì Ñ´°€îè º‘¦Éèã‘Ñ. ƒ×ÏÅ ƒ×Ï™¿ »òîÑ Ã°Ö œÌþº‘ó’ÉÅ ‚¯¥þº‘³ ±ÏבÐÍÖ ÀòîÍò »Ì±¶±Æ‘ œ‘À¹°î‘Ñ ŠÏ×Ñ º¬½Í¹°‘Ñ. ×Ï€¥Æ À¹±ÍÆ‘Ë º¬½Í¹°×Ñ ›‘°îÅ. ƒ×Ñ é¹° ‹ØÆÑ. ƒ×Ñ ×€Ì¹° ‹ØÆ›äÖ þ‘ÇÓò À¯¥º´±Ö ƒòìÅ …èã³. °ò בÇÒ‘ 17 ‚Å ¸–í鑯¦Ö ‚ÐÑ ±Ï™þ‘ÇÖ ‡¿º¦´ ±â¹³èã³ ‡òìÅ ‚ÐÑ À™äò º¯º‘¨, ×эäò ƒÆÖ, ƒ€œ, ˜´³™è ºíê Ø㙍À‘ µ‘Å ‘« æŽé³.

'±ÏבÐÑ¿ »é¹°‘Ñè ‡ÖþÒ‘Ñ™Å ¦þÆò' ‡òì Ÿ¹°ÌÑ þ°×‘ÌÅ º‘¨Žé³. ƒ€°Ø¥ ƒÜÛÑ¢ é¿½ ºíê þ×ì —œ‘ÖÒ þׯ¨À‘?

±ÏבÐÑ´ þ°Ñ:
'±ÏבÐÑ´ þ°Ìݐ' ‡òìÅ '±ÏבÐÑ´ þ°Ì€œ×³ þº‘Ö €œŽé‘ò' ‡òé ºÝ—À‘ÞÉÅ µ‘ª¨ À™ä¥Å ±ÏבÐÑ þ°Ñ¿ºíêÆ »Åº´€° ˆíº¨´± €×´±Ï™Žé³ ‡òº€° êÆÒ‘Å. '‚Þ´þ°Ñ Ø´°þî µ‘ò ¯¥³ ‚ÐþÌ' ‡òì ±Ïµ‘Ú™ÌœÑ —œ‘ÖŽé‘Ñ. ×Ñ ‘ÒÅ 7 ‚Å ¸–í鑯¨. ƒ°òÄÒÅ 7 ‚Å ¸–í鑯¦í Ãòþº þ°Ñ´±ÏØÝ‘ µ¥¹³ ×Ï×€° êÆÒ‘Å. Àíé †ÑäÖ …èã þ°Ñè €Ì´þ°Ñ, ٍ‘Ö þ°Ñ°‘ò. ±ÏבÐÑ þ°þÌ Ãà´ þ°Ì‘Å.

°Áݍ´ þ°ÑäÖ ±ÏבÐÑ þ°þÌ —ºÍÆ°‘Å. ƒ°î‘Ö ƒ°€î '‚Þ´þ°Ñ' ‡òì €Ý™ŽòéîÑ. '‚Þ' ‡òº³ œ™ÌÀ‘Å. Àñÿ±þœ‘Ýò °ò Àò ò€é™ —‘òé°‘Ö, À€îþÆ °ò þ°Ñ™‘ÓÖ ƒª¨™ —‘òì ÿ±€Æ™ ‘´°°‘Ö ƒ´þ°Ñ ±ÏØÝ‘ ƒ› ØÀÍ€œÆ‘™ —‘¯¥‘¥¿ºª¨ ×ÏŽé³.

1748ƒÖ þ°Ñ´ ±ÏØÝ‘ µ€¥—ºíé°í‘î ê¿½ °¤€œ Ì¯À€î œÌø×± À‘Ö ¸–ҍ þÀƦ ‚׫Š˜ìŽé³. 1765 ‚Å ‚¯¨ °¤€œ€Æ ‚ª½Í¹° ÀÌ‘ª¦Æ ÀòîÑ ƒÌ¯¥‘Å ³ãó‘, ±ÏבÐÑ þ°Ñ ØÝ‘Ú™ ×Ï€ °¹°°í‘î ‚°‘Ì›è …èãî.

1926 ‚Å ‚¯¨ þ°þÌ‘ª¥´±òþº‘³ ˆíºª¥ ² غ´±Ö ±ÏבÐÑ þ°Ñ Ãà׳Š‡Í¹°³. 2 µ‘ªè ‡Í¹°°‘ ˜ì×Ñ. »òîÑ 1928 ‚Å ‚¯¨ ½³´þ°Ñ …Ïב ‚ÌÅ»´³ 1930 ‚Å ‚¯¨ À‘Ñ¢ 3¹ þ°± ¯¨Å ‹¦Æ³. ƒ³ ƒòì µ‘Å ‘®Å þ°Ì‘Å. »òîÑ 1948 ‚Å ‚¯þ¥‘¨ þ°þÌ‘ª¥Å ¶òìت¥³. 1970 ‚Å ‚¯¨ ðÖ×Ñ Ï«‘¶± ÀíìÅ ×¥º‘± À›ÒÅ ±Æ‘Ì‘ó ðÓÆ‘Ñ þº‘òþé‘Íò Ãò ÃÆíÆ‘Ö Â¯¨Å ‹¥´ —°‘¥›ŽÆ³.

þ°Íò €À¿½:
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ƒÏŽ ¢Ÿ™è, œ™Ì›è …躥 Ò›Í™¿º¥‘° ÀÌ´þ°Íò ‡€¥ ŸÀ‘Ñ 220 ¥òã‘Å. ƒ°ò ³ 5 ¥ò ‡€¥Éè㠺¿€ºæÅ, 50 ¥ò ‡€¥Éèã Ä›ŽÖæÅ, ŸÀ‘Ñ 10 ¥ò ‡€¥Éè㠜ڙ ÀÌ›æÅ ºÆòº¨´°¿ºª¨ Ò›Í™¿º¨Žòéî. ±Ï¢ º‘Ì° Á Áò ¶ì×î´°‘Ñ ƒÏŽ ¢Ÿ™è, œ™Ì›è, ÀíìÅ €ùªÌ‘Ó™ »þÌ™ þº‘òé œ‘°î›€ã¿ —º‘Ï´±îÑ. 10 œ™Ì›æ™¿ º±Ö µ‘ò œ™Ì›è —º‘Ï´°¿ºª¥î. ƒÏŽ™ Çì, €ùªÌ‘Ó™ »þÌ™ þº‘òé×íêò ‡€¥€Æ™ ˜ª¦î‘Ö þ°Íò ‡€¥ ŸÀ‘Ñ 300 ¥òã‘Å. µ‘ò ×¥›æÅ ŠÜ—בòìÅ ŸÀ‘Ñ 425 ¦ ÿãÅ —‘¯¥€×. ץŠƒà™¿ ºÆòº¨Å Çíêò ŸíéãÚ 21 ›ÒÀ‘Å. ƒ¹° À‘í雍ã‘Ö ŸÀ‘Ñ 10 ‚ÇÌÅ þºÑ þœÑ¹³ ƒà™ þׯ¦Æ ƒ´þ°€Ì ÄבÇÌÅ þºÑ þœÑ¹³ ƒà´°‘þÒ µÏÅ ‡òº³ °íþº‘€°Æ ¶€Ò.

26.4.98 òì °Áݍ é¶€ÒÆ´³€é ÀíìÅ °Áâ¿ º¯º‘ª¨´³€é €À¢œÑ Ã.°Á␦Àò ץŠ»¦´³ —°‘¥›Ž €×´°‘Ñ.

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±ÏבÐÑ À‘ת¥´±ò ÙŽÆ´ —°‘ÞþÒ þ×㑯€À°‘ò. Ý´°¤€œ À‘ת¥À‘ …èã ƒ¿º±è —º‘ò Ø€ãÉÅ ¾Á. þÀª©Ñ €« ª¦Æ »é ץבíì™ ‘Ö×‘Æ‘Ö Àòî‘ѐ¦ ת¥Å —ºÏźÆò €¥¹±Ï™Žé³. µòïÒŠת¥´€°—Æ‘ª¦Æ º±è Á¹° ×ãÅ €¥¹±Ï™Žòéî. µòïÒŠת¥Å µÖÒ À€ÝÉÅ, ¶Ò×ãÃÅ, ‚íì×ãÃÅ ŠÏ›þ —ºíìèã³. µòïÒŠת¥Å °Áⵑª¦þÒþÆ Á™ ˜¨°Ò‘ ¶Ò×Í —œËÉÅ À‘ת¥Å ‚Å.

—ׯ«‘íì™ ‘Ö×‘Ë ±Ï´³€é¿¾¯¦ ת¥Å ×ÞþÆ ¥ÓÖ Ò™Žé³. ‚î‘Ö ƒÜת¥´³™ ×ÏÅ ÃòîþÌ °¯­Ñ €î´³Å º‘œî´³™¿ ºÆòº¨´°¿ºª¨ بŽé³. ‡îþ× ƒÜת¥Å —ºÏź‘ÕŠבîÅ º‘Ñ´° ¾ÁÆ‘þ× ƒÏ™Žé³. ƒÏ¹°‘ÕÅ ±Ï´³€é¿¾¯¦ ת¥‘Ì›äÖ µò—œË ¶Ò›æÅ, µ‘¢™ãÅ, ô³¿þºª€¥ ת¥‘Ì›äÖ —°òî¹þ°‘¿½™æÅ …èãî.

—°‘ÞÖ: ƒÅÀ‘ת¥´±ò —ºÏ¹—°‘ÞÖ Øל‘ÆþÀ. °í¨´³ ×¥º‘±À›Ò´±Ö ‚ÐÌ‘ò œÑ™€Ì ‚€Ò µ‘¨ Ÿ°¹±ÌÅ €¥¹° »òîÑ 1 þ‘¦ к‘Ë Ã°Ôª¦Ö —°‘¥›¿ºª¨ ƒòìÅ µÖÒ Ã€éÇÖ µ¥¹³ ×ÏŽé³. ƒ°í´ þ°€×Æ‘î ÏÅ€º Ÿíì ת¥‘Ì›äÖ ºÇÑ—œË³ ƒ› —‘¯¨×Ì¿º¨Žé³. ƒ°í¨´³ Ãòî‘è À´±Æ €À¢œÑ ¦.‚Ñ.º‘ÕØò ÃÆíÆ‘Ö Àòî‘ѐ¦€Æ ¨´° ×¥þœÍÇÖ ƒÌœ‘Æî ‚€Ò —°‘¥›¿ºª¨èã³.

Àòî‘ѐ¦: 1866 Ã°Ö þ‘ª¥ ‚ª´ °€Ò€À Õ×ҍŠ…èã µÌ‘ Àòî‘ѐ¦ …èã³. ‘ª¨Àòî‘ѐ¦ÇÓϹ³ ƒÜÛ€Ì þ×캨´±™ ‘ª¥ 'Ì‘óÀòî‘ѐ¦' ‡òìÅ €Ý¿ºÑ. Àò€îÇÖ þœ‘ÝÑ ª¦Æ Äòì þ‘ÇÖè …èãî. Ì‘óþ‘º‘Òœ‘Á þ‘ÇÖ ‚±ÇÖ œÀ«Ñ þ‘ÇÒ‘ ƒÏ¹°°í‘î ‚°‘Ì›è …èãî. ƒ¿þº‘³ ƒ³ €×«×™ þ‘ÇÒ‘ ƒÏ¹³ ×ÏŽé³. 16 þ‘½Ì›è, 7 »Ì‘Ì›è, Ší€é™ Ï›ÖÓÖ 16.5 ª¥Ñ …ÆÌÃè㠍ϥ´³–¯, ×ÌÒ‘íì¢ —œË±è ¥›ŽÆ Ö—ת¨™è, ‹ØÆ¢ é¿½ ¶€é¹° ºÝ›‘Ò´³¿ º‘€× Ø㙐è (±ÏØ㙐 µ‘¢Æ‘Ñ) ‚›ŽþÒÆ Õ×ÒÑ ŠÏ×Ñ —œË³ €×´° Ï¥ בîÅ ‚ŽÆ€× ƒ™þ‘ÇÓÖ ƒÏ™Žòéî. ƒ™þ‘ÇÕ™¢ œíì —°‘€ÒØÖ 23 ˆ™Ñ ºÌ¿½èã ŠÏ —°¿º™ãÅ ƒÏ™Žé³.

°Á⢜À«Ñ ÒÑ ƒòìÅ ƒÜÛÍÖ ×‘âŽòéîÑ. œÀ«Ñ þ‘ÇÖ Šòì ƒÏ™Žé³. »´°€ã º‘´±Ì›æÅ ƒÏ¿½¢ œª¦æÅ ‹ÌãÚ —œËÆ¿º¨Žòéî. Àòî‘ѐ¦ þת¦ ‡›Å ½â—ºíé³. Ìœ‘›´°‘Ì‘Ö —°‘¥›¿ºª¥ °¢Ÿ - ƒÏŽ —°‘Þ휑€ÒÇÖ Øל‘Æ™ ÏØè —œËÆ¿º¨Žòéî. þ‘ª©Ñ Ì›œ‘Á ðÓÆ‘Ñ ¸–ҍŠƒ¹µÍÖ ‘«´°™ Ï›€Ò™˜¥À‘Å. ºèäè, ÖÕ–Íè ƒ¹µÍÖ …èãî. ƒ¹µÍò þÀ퐙 þ‘¦ÇÕèã 'þÀÒבœÖ', ŠËœ‘ãÑ ª¦Æ Ì¯À€îÇò þÀÒבÇÒ‘ ƒÏ¹°³ ‡òŽé‘эè ×ÌÒ‘íé‘Ëבãэè.

þ‘ª©Ñ: þ°×‘ÌÃÅ, ±ÏØ€œ¿º‘בÕÅ º‘¥¿—ºíé 2 þ‘ÇÖè ƒÜÛÍÖ …èã³. þœ‘Ý, µ‘Æ™, ÀÌ‘ª¦Æ Àòîэäò Ö—ת¨™è ƒ™þ‘ÇÓÖ …èãî. ƒÜÛÑ Ö—ת€¥ ‚°‘ÌÀ‘™ —‘¯þ¥ þœ™ŽÝ‘Ñ ‘ÒÅ …ì± —œËÆ¿ºª¦Ï™Žé³. ƒÜÛÑ ×èãÖ Ì›œ‘Á ðÓÆ‘Ñ (1805-1907) 200 þ×Ó ¶ÒÃÅ, 12 ƒÒªœÅ к‘€ÆÉÅ é¢ —œÆÕ™‘ ‡à± €×´°‘Ñ. À‘«×Ñ ƒÖÒÅ, ¸–Ö ¶€ÒÆÅ, ½Ò×Ñ ÀòéÅ, Ì‘óþ‘º‘Òœ‘Á þ‘ÇÖ ª¥€ãè ðÓÆî ƒ×Ñ —ºÆÌ‘Ö Àòî‘ѐ¦ÇÖ µ€¥—ºìŽòéî.

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µòïÒÅ:
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'°¯¥×‘ÇÖ òþî‘è' ‡òì µ‘ñ–ì ˜ì׳Šƒ›þ ê¿»¥´°™³.

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